X.] THE AMERICAN ABORIGINES. 351 



.)/ the monotheistic concept nowhere clearly evolved ; 

 belief in a natural afterlife very prevalent, if not uni- 

 versal. 



Culture, highly diversified, ranging from the lowest 

 stages of savagery through various deg?-ees of barbarism 

 to the advanced social state of the more or less civilised 

 Mayas, Aztecs, Chibchas, Yuncas, Qidchuas, and Aymaras; 

 amongst these pottery, weaving, metal-work, agriculture, 

 and especially architecture fairly well developed ; letters 

 less so, although the Maya script seems to have reached 

 the true phonetic state : navigation and science rudi- 

 mentary or absent ; in general savagery far more prevalent 

 and intense in South than in North America, but the 

 tribal state almost everywhere persistent. 



North America : Eskimauan (Innuit, Aleut, Kara- . M . ain 



Divisions. 



lit); Athapascan (Kuchin, Chippewyan, Apache, Navajo); 

 Kolushan; Algonquian (Delaware, Abenaki, Chippevvay, 

 Shawnee, Arapaho, Sac and Fox, Blackfoot); Iroquoian 

 (Huron, Mohawk, Tuscarora, Seneca, Cayuga, Onon- 

 daga); Siouan (Dakota, Omaha, Crow, Iowa, Osage, 

 Assiniboin); Shoshonean (Comanche, Ute); Salishan ; 

 Sahaptian ; Caddoan ; Muskhogean (Creek, Choctaw, 

 Chicasa, Seminole) ; Pueblo (Zuni, Tegua, Jemez, 

 Moqui). 



Central America : Opatan ; Nahuatlan (Aztec, 

 Pipil); Huaxtecan (Maya, Quiche', Pocoman); Miztecan ; 

 Zapotecan ; Charotegan ; Otomitlan ; Talamancan. 



South America: Muyscan (Chibcha); Quechuan 

 (Quitu, Chincha, Inca, Aymara) ; Yuncan (Chimu) ; 

 Antisan ; Jivaran ; Zaparan ; Betoyan ; Warrauan ; 

 Panoan ; Ticunan ; Lecan ; Bar?-ean ; Tacanan ; Chi- 

 quitan ; Mojan: Arawakan (Atorai, Maypure, Wapiana, 

 Vaura, Mahinacu, Layana); Cariban (Bakairi, Nahuqua, 

 Pamella, Galibi, Calina, Arecuna, Macusi, Ackawoi) ; 

 Guaranian (Tembo, Tupi, Omagua, ]\Iundrucu) ; Gesan 

 (Botocudo, Camacan); Charruan; Mataguayan; Lulean ; 

 Toban ; Mocobian ; Araucan ; Puelchean (Pampas); 

 Tehuelchean ; Fuegian (Yahgan, Alacaluf). 



