X.] THE AMERICAN ABORIGINES. 40 1 



from one another ; nor, on the other hand, does the similarity 

 imply that the builder of the oldest example knew less or more 

 than his descendant to-day both utilized the material at hand 

 and each accomplished his purpose in the easiest way. In both 

 cases the result is so rude that no sound inference of sequence 

 can be drawn from the study of individual examples, but in the 

 study of large aggregations of rooms we find some clues. It 

 must not be forgotten that the unit of Pueblo construction is the 

 single room, even in the large many-storied villages. This unit is 

 often quite as rude in modern as in ancient work, and both are 

 very close to the result which would be produced by any Indian 

 tribe who came into the country and were left free to work out 

 their own ideas. Starting with this unit the whole system of 

 Pueblo architecture is a natural product of the country and of the 

 conditions of life known to have affected the people by whom it 

 was practised 1 ." 



In a word it is not necessary to invent a new race different 

 from the present aborigines to account for the Pueblo structures 

 any more than it is to account for the mounds. This inference 

 becomes self-evident when we find that one of the Pueblo 

 divisions the Mogul or Hopi* are actually a branch of the 

 nomad Shoshonean family, who differ in no essential respect from 

 the Siouans and all the prairie Indians. 



Besides these Moqui, who occupy six pueblos in North-east 

 Arizona, there are three other nations, as they may be called 

 Tanoan, Keresan and Znnian each speaking a stock language 

 of the usual polysynthetic type, and occupying collectively nearly 

 30 pueblos with a total population of about 10,300. Each nation, 

 except the Zuni who hold a solitary pueblo in New Mexico, 

 comprises a number of tribal or dialectic divisions, and it is now 

 known from the researches of Gushing, Bandelier, Hodge and 



1 PP- i9 2 ~3- 



2 Hopi, "People," is the proper tribal name; Moqui (pronounced Moki) is 



a vile abusive term imposed on them by their neighbours, and ought to be 

 repressed. They occupy the seven pueblos of the Tusayan district, Arizona, 

 towards the Utah frontier, "each built upon the crest of a precipice of sand- 

 stone, impregnable to any assault to be expected from aboriginal foes" (J. G. 

 Bourke, The Snake Dance of the Moqui s of Arizona, 1884, p. 226). 



K. 26 



