43 2 MAN I PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 



whose good faith is beyond suspicion and who have no cause to 

 serve except the truth, will best be seen by placing in juxtaposi- 

 tion the accounts of the family relations by Lieut. Bove, a well- 

 known Italian observer, and Dr P. Hyades of the French Cape 

 Horn Expedition, both summarised 1 :- 



Bove. Hyades. 



The women are treated as slaves. Both girls and married women 



The greater the number of wives or expect to be treated with proper 



slaves a man has the easier he finds a respect and deference, 



living; hence polygamy is deep-rooted Some men have two or more 



and four wives common. Owing to wives, but monogamy is the rule, 

 the rigid climate and bad treatment 



the mortality of children under 10 Children are tenderly cared for by 



years is excessive; the mother's love their parents, who in return are 



lasts till the child is weaned, after treated by them with affection and 



which it rapidly wanes, and is com- deference, 

 pletely gone when the child attains 



the age of 7 or 8 years. The Fuegian's The Fuegians are of a generous 



only lasting love is the love of self. disposition and like to share their 



As there are no family ties, the word pleasures with others. The husbands 



'authority' is devoid of meaning. exercise due control, and punish 



severely any act of infidelity. 



These seeming contradictions may be partly explained by the 

 general improvement in manners due to the beneficent action of 

 the English missionaries in recent years, and great progress has 

 certainly been made since the expeditions of Fitzroy and Darwin. 

 But it is to be feared that these influences are mainly confined to 

 the vicinity of the stations, beyond which the darker pictures 

 presented by the early observers and later by Bove, Lovisato and 

 others, still hold good. 



But even in the more favoured regions of the Parana and 



Amazon basins many tribes are met which yield little if at all to 



the Fuegians of the early writers in sheer savagery and debasement. 



Thus the Cashibos or Carapaches of the Ucayali, 



Cashtbos wno are described as resembling the Fuegians 

 even in appearance", may be said to answer almost 



1 Mission Scientijique de Cap Horn, vol. VII., par P. Hyades et J. Deniker, 

 1891. 



- "Les Kassivos cannibales du haul Ucayali qui ressemblent aux Fuegiens" 

 (L. Rousselet, Art. Aweriqne, 1895). Others, however, tell us they are "white 



