XII.] THE CAUCASIC PEOPLES. 463 



map and see what a wide area is covered by these Iberian settle- 

 ments, one in the south-west, not far from the shores of the 

 Atlantic, the other looking out on the North Mediterranean 

 waters. But it may be now shown that their range extended 

 both in the west and east far beyond these limits. Caesar's 

 Aqnitani were almost admittedly Iberians, as were beyond doubt 

 their successors, the Vascones, whose name survives in the present 

 Basques as well as in Gascony, from which most of them have 

 disappeared 1 . This western branch of the Iberian family thus 

 ranged north to the Garonne, beyond which were seated the 

 PictoneS) now also commonly regarded as Iberians, and most 

 probably ancestors of the Picts who occupied Britain before the 

 arrival of the Kelts-. 



Farther east, beyond " Newtown," the Iberians, as shown by 

 Sergi, must now be grouped with the Ligurians, 



whose ethnical position has hitherto been stran^elv - The - 



* Ligurians. 



misunderstood. Sergi and this is one of his great 



services to anthropological studies makes it quite clear that the 



true Liguriaris were not round-headed Kelts 3 , but, like the Iberians, 



seems to me conclusive that a people speaking the same language as that 

 spoken in Baetica inhabited Southern Gaul in early times" (W. Webster in 

 Academy, Sept. 26, 1891). This authority also recognises a distinct though 

 more remote kinship between the Iberians south of and the Pictones north of 

 the Garonne. 



1 J. F. Blade (Les Vascons avant leur etablissement en Novempopulanie, 

 1891), argues that there were no Basques in Gascon y before the later migration 

 from the Ebro in the 6th century. But the above-quoted place-names show 

 that the country (Aquitania) had been settled in remote times by Iberian pre- 

 cursors of these Basques. 



2 "I believe Picts and Iberians to have belonged to one and the same 

 family, which I have ventured to call Ibero-Pictish" (Prof. J. Rhys, Academy* 

 Sept. 26, 1891). 



3 No one puts this point stronger than M. G. Herve, who even goes beyond 

 Broca, completely identifying the Kelts with the populations of Liguria, and 

 proposing to remove the confusion caused by the term "Kelt" by striking out 

 of scientific nomenclature "un terme aussi radicalement fausse et de le remplacer 

 par le nom de Ligures" (Rev. Mens. de ? Ecole d> Anthrop. iv. 1896). It should 

 be stated that Herve traces the Cro-Magnon race from the Quaternary through 

 the whole of the Neolithic period, when it was identical with that of the 

 dolicho Baumes-Chaudes, and when the Neolithic brachy race of Crenelle 

 arrived. In the Bronze period this brachy element abounds, and to it he applies 



