468 MAN : PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 



round-heads in that direction, the Ligurians being for him, as 

 stated, long-headed, the Aryans round-headed. 



Similarly Dr Beddoe, commenting on Livi's statistics, showing 

 predominance of tall stature, round heads, and fair complexion in 

 North Italy, infers "that a type, the one we usually call the 

 Mediterranean, does really predominate in the south, and exists 

 in a state of comparative purity in Sardinia and Calabria ; while 

 in the north the broad-headed Alpine type is powerful, but is 

 almost everywhere more or less modified by, or interspersed with 

 other types Germanic, Slavic, or of doubtful origin to which the 

 variations of stature and complexion may probably be, at least in 

 part, attributed 1 ." 



Similar relations prevail in the Balkan peninsula, where the 

 Mediterranean stock is represented by the Pelassric 



Range of the 



Mediter- substratum, the Aryan by the Slav intruders. Thus 



the Hamitic race still persists all along the northern 

 shores of the Mediterranean from Spain (Iberians) through Italy 

 and the islands (Ligurians) to Greece (Pelasgians), and passes 

 with these Pelasgians into Asia Minor. Moreover the same stock 

 ranges according to Sergi westwards to the British Isles, north- 

 wards through central Europe to Scandinavia, and eastwards 

 into Russia, everywhere forming the true aboriginal or pre-Aryan 



peninsula. "A questi primi abitatori spetta legittimamente il nome di Italic!, 

 non a popolazioni successive [Aryan Umbrians], che avrebbero sloggiato i 

 primi abitanti" (p. 60). The result is a little confusing, "Italic" being now 

 the accepted name of the Italian branch of the Aryan linguistic family, and also 

 commonly applied to the Aryans of this Italic speech, although the word 

 Italia itself was undoubtedly indigenous (Ligurian) and not introduced by the 

 Aryans. It would perhaps be better to regard "Italia" as a "geographical 

 expression" applicable to all its inhabitants, whatever their origin or speech. 



1 Science Progress, July 1894. It will be noticed that the facts, accepted 

 by all, are differently interpreted by Beddoe and Sergi, the latter taking the 

 long-headed element in North Italy as the aboriginal (Ligurian), modified by 

 the later intrusion of round-headed Aryan Slavs, Teutons, and especially Kelts, 

 while Beddoe seems to regard the broad-headed Alpine as the original, after- 

 wards modified by intrusive long-headed types "Germanic, Slavic, or of doubt- 

 ful origin." Either view would no doubt account for the present relations; 

 but Sergi's study of the prehistoric remains (see above) seems to compel 

 acceptance of his explanation. From the statistics an average height of not 

 more than 5 ft. 4 in. results for the whole of Italy. 



