XII.] THE CAUCASIC PEOPLES. 469 



element, and is consequently represented by the dolicho skulls 

 from the British long barrows, from the German Reihengraber, 

 and from the Kurgans of the Russian steppe. While this bril- 

 liant generalisation, based on solid anatomical studies, may be 

 accepted without reserve for the Mediterranean and British lands', 

 it seems beset with grave, perhaps insurmountable, difficulties 

 when applied to central and east Europe, as will be seen when 

 we come to deal with Germanic and Slav origins. 



Meanwhile, returning to the African home of these Hamites, we 

 find them still forming not merely the substratum, 



J Range of the 



but the great bulk of the inhabitants throughout all Hamites in 

 recorded time from the Atlantic to the Red Sea, 

 and from the Mediterranean to Sudan, although since Muham- 

 madan times largely intermingled with the kindred Semitic stock 

 (mainly Arabs) in the north and west, and in the east (Abyssinia) 

 with the same stock since prehistoric times. All are comprised 

 by Sergi 2 in two main divisions : 



1. EASTERN HAMITES, answering to the Ethiopic Branch 

 of some writers, of somewhat variable type, comprising the Old 

 and Modern Egyptians now mixed with Semitic (Arab) elements ; 

 the Nubians (excluded by me for reasons stated at p. 74) ; the 

 Bejas, the Abyssinians^ collective name of all the peoples between 

 Khor Barka and Shoa (with, in some places, a considerable in- 

 fusion of Himyaritic or early Semitic blood from South Arabia) ; 

 the Gallas (Gallas proper, Somals, and Afars or Danakils) ; the 

 Masai and Wahnma. 



2. NORTHERN HAMITES, answering to the Berber (Western] 

 Branch of some writers, comprising the Mediterranean Berbers 

 of Algeria, Tunis, and Tripoli ; the Atlantic Berbers (Shluhs and 

 others) of Marocco ; the West Saharan Berbers commonly called 

 Tuaregs the Tibus of the East Sahara ; the Fulahs, dispersed 



1 Referring to one characteristic form of skull from Novilara, which he 

 calls "Pelasgic," Sergi says that its African origin "non e a mettersi in dubbio, 

 dopo che ho scoperto le stesse forme nell' Africa orientale, e la cui diffusione e 

 grande e antichissima, avendone trovato di tale tipo nella antica Troade a Troia, 

 e nei tumuli neolitici della Gran Brettagna" (Arii e Italici, p. 1-21). 



- In his already quoted monumental work, Africa: Antropofagia della 

 Stirpe Camitica, Turin, 1897. 



