I/O MAN: PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 



in China sub-dolicho (77) and higJi, Jaws, slightly 

 prognathous. Cheek-bones, very high and prominent 

 laterally. Nose, very small, and concave, with widish 

 nostrils (mesorrhine 52), but often large and straight 

 amongst the upper classes. Eyes, small, black, and 

 oblique (outer angle slightly elevated], vertical fold of ski/i 

 over inner canth us. Stature, below the average ( 5 //. 4 in. ) , 

 but in N. China often tall (^ ft. 10 in. to 6ft.). Lips, 

 rather thin, sometimes slightly protruding. Arms, legs, 

 and feet, of normal proportions, calves rather small, and 

 feet of Chinese women artificially deformed. 

 Mental Temperament. Somewhat sluggish, with little 



Charac- 

 ters- initiative, but great endurance ; cunning rather than 



intelligent: generally thrifty and industrious, but mostly 

 indolent in Siam and Burma ; moral standard low, with 

 slight sense of right and wrong. 



Speech. Mainly isolating and monosyllabic, due to 

 phonetic decay ; loss of formative elements compensated by 

 tone; some (south Chinese, Annamese] highly tonic, but 

 others (in Himalayas and North Burma) highly agglu- 

 tinating and consequently toneless. 



Religion. Ancestry and spirit-worship, underlying 

 various kinds of Buddhism ; religious sentiment weak in 

 Annam, strong in Tibet ; thinly diffused in China. 



Culture. Ranges from sheer savagery (Indo-Chinese 

 aborigines] to a low phase of civilization; some mechanical 

 arts (ceramics, metallurgy, weaving], and agriculture well 

 developed ; painting, sculpture, and architecture mostly 

 in the barbaric stage ; letters wide-spread, but true literature 

 and science slightly developed ; stagnation very general. 

 Mai . n . Bod-pa. Tibetan; Tanvut ; Horsok; Si-fan: Balti; 



Divisions. J 



Ladakhi ; Gurkha; Bhotiya; Miri ; Mishmi; Abor. 



Burmese. Naga ; Kuki-Lushai : Chin ; Kakhyen ; 

 Manipuri ; Karen; Talaing ; Arakanese ; Burmese 

 proper. 



Tai-Shan. Ahom; Khamti; Ngiou ; Lao; Siamese. 



Giao-Shi. Annamese; Cochin- Chinese. 



Chinese. Chinese proper ; Hakka : Hok-lo: Pun-ti. 



