266 MAN : PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 



Colour. Light or dirty yellowish amongst all true 

 Mongols and Siberians; very variable (white, sallow, 

 swarthy] in the transitional groups (Finns, Lapps, 

 Magyars, Bulgars, Western Turks], and many Manchus 

 and Koreans ; in Japan the unexposed parts of the body 

 also white. 



Skull, highly brachy in the true Mongol (80 to 85); 

 variable (sub-brachy and sub-dolichd] in most transitional 

 groups and even some Siberians (Ostyaks and Voguls 77). 

 Jaws, Cheek-bones, Nose, and Eyes much the same 

 as in South Mongols ; but nose often large and straight, and 

 eyes straight, greyish, or even blue in Finns, Manchus, 

 Koreans, and some other Mongolo-Caucasians. 



Stature, usually short (below $Jt. 6 in.], but many 



Manchus and Koreans tall (5 ft. 8 or 10 in. and even 6 ft.]. 



Lips, Arms, Legs, and Feet usually the same as South 



Mongols ; but Japanese legs disproportionately short. 



Mental Temperament, of all true Mongols and many 



Charac- 

 ters. Mongoloids, dull, reserved, somewhat sullen and apathetic; 



but in some groups (Finns, Japanese] active and energetic; 

 nearly all brave, warlike, even fierce, and capable of great 

 atrocities, though not normally cruel ; within the historic 

 period the character has almost everywhere undergone a 

 marked change from a rude and ferocious to a milder and 

 more humane disposition ; ethical tone higher than South 

 Mongol, with more developed sense of right and wrong. 



Speech very uniform; apparently only one stock 

 language (Finno-Tatar or Ural-Altaic Family), a 

 highly typical agglutinating form with no prefixes, but 

 numerous postfixes attached loosely to an unchangeable root, 

 by which their vowels are modified in accordance with 

 subtle laws of vocalic harmony ; the chief members of the 

 family (Finnish, Magyar, Turkish, Mongol, a/id especially 

 Korean and Japanese) diverge greatly from the common 

 prototype. 



Religion, originally spirit-worship through a mediator 

 (Shaman), perhaps everywhere, and still exclusively preva- 

 lent amongst Siberian and all other uncivilized groups ; 



