326 MAN : PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 







were called, and set up several petty Mussulman states in Eastern 

 Turkestan. Later they fell under the yoke of the Kara-Khitais, 

 and were amongst the first to join the devastating hordes of 

 Jenghiz-Khan ; their name, which henceforth vanishes from his- 

 tory 1 , being thus perhaps perpetuated under the form of "Ogres," 

 in fable and nursery tales. 



At present the heterogeneous populations of the Tarim basin 

 (Kashgaria, Eastern Turkestan) where the various elements have 

 been intermingled, offer a striking contrast to those of the Hi 

 valley (Zungaria), where one invading horde has succeeded and 

 been superimposed on another. Hence the complexity of the 

 Kashgarian type, in which the original " horse-like face " every- 

 where crops out, absorbing the later Mongolo-Turki arrivals. But 

 in Zungaria the Kalmak, Chinese, Dungan, Taranchi, and Kirghiz 

 groups are all still sharply distinguished and perceptible at a 

 glance. " Amongst the Kashgarians a term as vague ethnically 

 as ' Aryan '- -Richthofen has determined the successive presence 

 of the Su, Yue-chi, and Usun hordes, as described in the early 

 Chinese chronicles 2 ." 



In close proximity to the Toghuz-Uigurs dwelt the Oghuz 



(G/iuz, Uz\ for whom eponymous heroes have been provided in 



the legendary records of the Eastern Turks, although all these 



terms would appear to be merely shortened forms of Toghuz 3 . 



But whether true Uigurs, or a distinct branch of the 



Turks and" Turki people, the Ghuz, as they are commonly 



their Migra- called by the Arab writers, began their westward 



tions. 



migrations about the year 780. After occupying 

 Transoxiana, where they are now represented by the Uzbegs 4 of 



1 It still persists, however, as a tribal designation both amongst the Kirghiz 

 and Uzbegs, and in 1885 Potanin visited the Yegurs of the Edzin-gol valley in 

 south-east Mongolia, said to be the last surviving representatives of the Uigur 

 nation (H. Schott, Ziir Uigurenfrage in Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wtss., Berlin, 

 1873, p. 101-21). 



2 Ch. de Ujfalvy, Les Aryens ati Nord et an Slid de rHindon-Kouch, p. 28. 



3 "The Uzi of the Greeks are the Gozz [Ghuz] of the Orientals. They 

 appear on the Danube and the Volga, in Armenia, Syria, and Chorasan, and 

 their name seems to have been extended to the whole Turkoman [Turki] race" 

 [by the Aral) writers] ; Gibbon, Ch. LVII. 



4 Who take their name from a mythical Uz-beg, "Prince Uz" (beg'm Turki 

 a chief, or hereditary ruler). 



