CHAPTER X. 



THE AMERICAN ABORIGINES. 



Origin and Cultural Evolution Two Primitive Types : Long-heads from 

 Europe ; Round-heads from Asia Mongolo-Caucasic Relations The 

 American specialised in America Palaeolithic Man in America Inde- 

 pendent Evolution of Speech in America Stock Languages Distribution 

 of the Original Ethnical Elements Cranial Deformation The "Toltecs" 

 -Type of North-west Coast Indians Contrasts and Transitions between 

 British Columbians and Eskimoans Eskimo Origins and Migrations 

 Skrdllinger and Norsemen Eskimo and Aleut Cradleland Tribal 

 Organization Variable Type Uniform Character of Eskimo Speech- 

 Cultural Systems Shamanism Thlinkit and Haida Heraldic Posts- 

 Folklore Range of the Athabascans Navajos and Apaches The Indian 

 Reservations The Mound-Builders The "Six Nations" -The Chero- 

 kees The Cherokee Writing System The Muskhogeans Primitive Man 

 in Florida The Siouans : Origins and Migrations The Biloxi : Migra- 

 tions and Displacements Cosmogonies The Dakotas Dakota Social 

 System The Totem : Clan, Gens, and Phratry The Pueblo Indians and 

 Cliff-Dwellers Their Cultural Relations The Pueblo Clan System- 

 Symbolism and Snake Dances. 



CONSPECTUS. 



Primeval Home. North and South America, . Distribu- 



tion in 



Present Range. N. W. Pacific Coastlands ; the ast and 



Present 



shores of the Arctic Ocean, Labrador, and Greenland : the Times. 

 unsettled parts of Alaska and the Dominion; Reservations 

 and Agencies in the Dominion and the United States ; 

 parts of Florida, Arizona, and New Mexico ; most of 

 Central and South America with Fuegia either wild and 

 full-blood, or semi-civilized half-breeds. 



Hair, black, lank, coarse, often very long, nearly Physical 

 round in transverse section ; face and body hairless ; ters. 

 Colour, normally coppery or yellowish-brown, but dark 

 brown on the itplands, and light brown in the Amazonian 

 and other woodlands ; Skull, generally mesaticephalous 



