X.] THE AMERICAN ABORIGINES. 385 



has to be weighed the fact that the central tribes Abenaki, 

 Mohigan, Delaware and Naticoke whose territory lay between 

 the St Lawrence and Chesapeake Bay, regarded themselves as 

 one people, and were conceded by the others to be the <; grand- 

 fathers," that is, the progenitors of the whole stock. From this 

 region, " as their numbers increased, they sent colonies northward 

 along the coast, driving back the Eskimo, and probably the 

 Beothuk, westward and north-westward up the valley of the 

 St Lawrence and the lakes, and southward to occupy the coast 

 of Virginia and a part of Carolina, where, in conjunction with the 

 Iroquoian tribes, they expelled the Cherokies from the upper 

 waters of the Ohio, and compelled them to take refuge in the 

 mountain fastnesses to the south. Most of these movements, 

 although the subject of well-supported tradition, belong to pre- 

 historic times, but the advance of the Algonquian tribes into the 

 north-west is comparatively modern 1 ." 



Nor are the renowned Delawares (Leni Lenape), Sac and 

 Foxes and Shawnees yet extinct, although jointly numbering 

 little over 4000, all collected in agencies and reservations in 

 Indian territory, New York and other places. Of the Massa- 

 chusetts, for whom Eliot translated the first Bible in any native 

 tongue, the Narragansets, the Long Island Montauks 3 , the Man- 

 hattans, the Powhatans 3 , the Panticos, and other Atlantic coast 



1 James Mooney, The Siouan Tribes of the East, Washington, 1894, p. 12. 



3 A last echo of the Montauk Indians was heard in the Civil Courts of 

 Long Island in 1896, when documents of the ijth century signed by their chiefs 

 were produced and accepted as valid title-deeds to certain lands and fishing 

 rights about East Island, Glen Cove. The Montauks proper, a few of whom 

 are said still to survive about Montauk Point, only held the section of the 

 island north from East Hampton ; but the authority of their Sachem (Grand 

 Chief) appears to have been acknowledged by the Rockaways, the Matinecocks 

 and the numerous other tribal groups in the southern section, all of whom 

 will be found in B. F. Thompson's History of Long Island, New York, 

 1843, pp. 9396. 



3 There still survives, however, a group of about 100 half-breeds, descendants 

 of the Pamunkeys, who were members of the Algonquian Confederacy founded 

 by the renowned chief Powhatan, and associated with the romantic adventures 

 of Capt. John Smith and Pocahontas. They are settled in the district of Indian- 

 town on the Pamunkey River (so named from them) some 20 miles east of 

 Richmond, and are now of English speech, though still proud of their descent 

 K. 25 



