XII.] THE CAUCASIC PEOPLES. 443 



guages (Aryan, Ibero-Hamito-Semitic, Tibii ? Masai?}, 

 except in the Caucasus, where stock languages of highly 

 agglutinating types are numerous, and in Indonesia, where 

 one agglutinating stock language prei'ails. 



Religion, mainly Monotheistic, with or without priest- 

 hood and sacrifice (Jewish, Christian, Muhammadan} ; 

 polytheistic and animistic in parts of Caucasus, India, 

 Indonesia, and Africa. Gross superstitions, and even 

 fetish-worship, still prevalent in many places. 



Culture, generally high all arts, industries, science, 

 philosophy and letters in a flourishing state now almost 

 everywhere except in Africa and Indonesia, and still pro- 

 gressive. In some regions civilization dates from the 

 remotest times (Egypt, South Arabia) : in others from 

 2000 to 3000 years B.C. (pre-Mykaenean, Mykaenean, 

 Hellenic, Hittite, and Italic cultures]. Indonesians and 

 many Hamites still rude, with primitive usages, few arts, 

 no science or letters, and cannibalism prevalent in some 

 places (Gallaland\ 



Homo europaeus: Scandinavians, North Germans, Main 

 Dutch, Flemings, most English, Scotch and Irish, Anglo- 

 Americans, Anglo- Australasians, English and Dutch of 

 S. Africa; Thrako- Hellenes, some Kurds, most West 

 Persians, Afghans, Dards and Siah-post Kafirs, many 

 Hindus. 



Homo alpinus : most French and Welsh, South 

 Germans, Swiss and Tyrolese ; Russians, Poles, Chekhs, 

 Yu go- Slavs ; some Albanians and Rumanians; Arme- 

 nians, many Kurds, Tajiks (East Persians], Galchas, 

 Indonesians. 



Homo mediterranensis : most Iberians, Corsicans, 

 Sards, Sicilians, Italians ; Greeks; Berbers and other 

 Hamites ; Arabs and other Semites ; some Hindus : 

 Dravidas, To das, Ainus. 



