456 MAN : PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 



But it may be objected that, as established by de Lapouge 

 and Ripley, there are three distinct ethnical zones 



The Three 



Great Euro- in Europe : (i) The tall, fair, long-headed northern 

 Groups. type, commonly identified by the Germans with the 



race represented by the osseous remains from the 

 " Reihengraber," i.e. the "Germanic," which the French call 

 Kymric or Aryan, for which de Lapouge reserves Linne's Homo 

 Europczus, and to which Ripley applies the term " Teutonic," 

 because the whole combination of characters "accords exactly 

 with the descriptions handed down to us by the ancients. Such 

 were the Goths, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Vandals, Lombards, to- 

 gether with the Danes, Norsemen, Saxons... History is thus 

 corroborated by natural science." (2) The southern (Mediter- 

 ranean) zone of short, dark long-heads, i.e. the primitive element 

 in Iberia, Italy, South France, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, and Greece, 

 called Iberians by the English, and identified by many with the 

 Ligurians, Pelasgians, and even Hittites, but grouped together by 

 Ripley as Mediterraneans 1 . (3) The Central (Alpine) zone of 

 short, medium -sized round-heads with light or chestnut hair, and 

 gray or hazel eye, de Lapouge's and Ripley 's Homo alpinus, the 

 Kelts or Kelto-Slavs of the French, the Ligurians or Arvernians 

 of Beddoe and other English writers. 



The question is, Can all these have come from North Africa? 

 We have seen that this region has yielded the remains of one 

 round-headed and two long-headed prehistoric types. Dr Henri 

 Malbot now points out that, as far back as we can go, we meet the 

 two quite distinct long-headed Berber types, and that this racial 

 duality is proved especially by the megalithic tombs (dolmens) of 

 Roknia between Jemmapes and Guelma, which are some 4000 or 

 5000 years old. The remains here found by General Faidherbe 

 belong to two different races, both dolichocephalic, but one tall, 

 with prominent zygomatic arches and very strong nasal spine (it 

 reads almost like the description of a brawny Caledonian), the 

 other short, with well-balanced skull and small nasal spine 2 . When 

 it is added that the earliest (Egyptian) records refer to brown and 

 blond populations living in North Africa some 5000 years ago, 



1 Racial Geography of Europe, passim. 



1 Les Chaouias, etc. in L 1 Anthropologie, 1897, p. i sq. 



