XII.] THE CAUCASIC PEOPLES. 457 



it would almost seem as if the raw materials, so to say, were here 

 to hand both of the fair northern and dark southern European 

 long-heads. Then we have Bertholon's round-heads from East 

 Tunisia (see above), who may similarly be taken as the prototypes 

 of de Lapouge's much contested Homo alpinus. 



These different races were represented even amongst the 

 extinct Guanches of the Canary Islands, as shown 

 by a study of the 52 heads procured in 1894 by Guanches 



Dr H. Meyer from caves in the archipelago 1 . 

 Three distinct types are determined : (i) Guanche, 

 akin to the Cro-Magnon, tall (5ft. Sin. to 6ft. 2 in.), robust, 

 dolicho (78), low, broad face; large eyes, rather short nose; fair, 

 reddish or light chestnut hair ; skin and eyes light ; ranged through- 

 out the islands, but centred chiefly in Tenerife ; (2) "Semitic? 

 short (5 ft. 4 or 5 in.), slim, narrow mesocephalic head (81), 

 narrow, long face, black hair, light brown skin, dark eyes ; range, 

 Grand Canary, Palma, and Hierro ; (3) Armenoid, akin to von 

 Luschan's pre-Semitic of Asia Minor ; shorter than i and 2 ; very 

 short, broad, and high skull (hyperbrachy, 84"), hair, skin and eyes 

 very probably of the West Asiatic brunette type ; range, mainly in 

 Gomera, but met everywhere. Many of the skulls had been tre- 

 panned, and these are brought into direct association with the 

 full-blood Berber, of the Aures Mts. in Algeria, who still practise 

 trepanning for wounds, headaches, and other reasons. The Arme- 

 noid type is not to be distinguished from Lapouge's short brown 

 Homo alpinus, which dates from the Stone Ages, and is found in 

 densest masses in the Central Alpine regions, eastern plains of 

 Europe, and, as we shall see, in Anatolia and Irania. 



Here again we see how unnecessary it is to go to Asia for the 

 early European round-heads, who are generally introduced from the 



1 Ueber eine Schadelsammlung von den Kanarischen Inseln, with Dr F. von 

 Luschan's appendix ; also Ueber die Urbewuhner der Kanarischen Inseln, 

 in Bastian- Festschrift, 1896, p. 63. The inferences here drawn are in sub- 

 stantial agreement with those of Mr Henry Wallack, in his paper on The 

 Guanches, in Journ. Anthrop. Inst. June, 1887, p. 158 sq.; and also with Mr 

 J. C. Shrubsall, who, however, distinguishes four pre-Spanish types from a 

 study of numerous skulls and other remains from Tenerife in Proc. Cambridge 

 Phil. Soc. IX. 154-78. 



