460 MAN : PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 



But in Iberia there fortunately survives the Basque of the 

 western Pyrenees, which beyond question represents a form of 

 speech which was current in the peninsula in pre-Aryan times, 

 and on the assumption of a common origin of the populations 

 on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar might be expected to show 

 traces of kinship with the Hamitic Berber. In a 

 posthumous work on this subject 1 , the eminent 



Tongues of philologist G. von der Gabelenz goes much further 



one Stock. 



than mere traces, and is able to establish not only 

 phonetic and verbal resemblances, but structural correspondences, 

 so that his editor Graf von der Schulenberg is satisfied that there 

 is no longer any doubt as to the relationship of the two languages 2 , 

 Great divergence, due to a separation of many thousand years, was 

 of course inevitable, and is seen in the shifting of prefixes and 

 postfixes while the form remains, and in the absence from Basque 

 of nominal gender which is so characteristic of the Hamitic. Yet 

 even here the Bas. verbal k masc., n fern, answer to Ham. k, ;;/, 

 where n = m, as in Bas. izen Ham. isem (name). Subjoined are a 

 few structural and other equations 3 :- 



Basque Berber English 



ak (pi. ending) ak all 



Chikhiro ikerri wether 



jarri ers to sit 



ezarri sers to set 



sortu iseru to beget 



urten, irten eru to be born 



estali sentel to cover 



tik, dik cleg (Abl. case) 



n, en n, en (Gen. case) 



z s (Instrumental case) 



jargi aruku seat, saddle 



ekarrh , eglu) ,_ to bear 



erruki' lequ' pity, to be sad 



hamar, amar merau ten 



1 Die Verwandschaft des Baskischen wit den Berbersprachen Nord-Afrikas 

 nachgewiesen, Brunswick, 1894. 



- " Die Sprachen waren mit einander verwandt, das stand ausser Zweifel." 

 (Pref. iv.) 



3 Of the doublets in the English column the ist meaning refers to the 

 Basque, the 2nd to the Berber. 



