464 MAN : PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 



a section of the long-headed Mediterranean (Afro-European) 

 stock. From prehistoric stations in the valley of the Po he 

 collected 59 skulls, all of this type, and all Ligurian ; history and 

 tradition being of accord that before the arrival of the Kelts this 

 region belonged to the Ligurian domain. "If it be true that 

 prehistoric Italy was occupied by the Mediterranean race and by 

 two branches Ligurian and Pelasgian of that race, the ancient 

 inhabitants of the Po valley, now exhumed in those 59 skulls, 

 were Ligurian 1 ." 



These Ligurians may now be traced from their homes on the 

 Mediterranean into Central Europe. From a study 



Ligurians in 



Rhineiand and of the Neolithic finds made in recent years in the 

 district between Neustadt and Worms Dr C. Mehlis 2 

 infers that here the first settlers were Ligurians, who had penetrated 

 up the Rhone and Saone into Rhineiand. In the Kircherian 

 Museum in Rome he was surprised to find a marked analogy 

 between objects from the Riviera and from the Rhine ; skulls 

 (both dolicho), vases, stone implements, mill-stones, etc., all alike. 

 Such Ligurian objects, found everywhere in North Italy, occur in 

 the Rhine lands chiefly along the left bank of the main stream 

 between Basel and Mainz, and farther north in the Rheingau at 

 Wiesbaden, and in the Lahn valley. These Ligurian migrations so 

 far north are confirmed not only by geographical, anthropological, 

 and archaeological data, but also by linguistic proofs, as shown 

 by Prof. W. Deecke 3 . 



The Ligurians may of course have reached the Riviera round 

 the coast from Illiberis and Iberia ; but the same race is found as 

 the aboriginal element also at the "heel of the boot," and in fact 

 throughout the whole of Italy and all the adjacent islands. This 



the name of "race des Ligures, ou, ce qui revient au meme, celle des Celtes, 

 au sens que les anthropologistes [fra^ais] out accoutume d'attacher depuis 

 Broca a ce dernier terme" (ib.}. The one reply to this and to many volumes 

 written from the same standpoint is that the true Ligurians were not brachy- 

 but dolichocephalic. 



1 Arii e Italici, p. 60. 



1 Corresbl. d. d. Ges.f. Anthrop. Feb. 1898, p. 12. 



3 This last statement I have to take on trust, not having seen the work 

 referred to, vol. x. of the Jahrbiich fiir Geschichte, Sprache it. Literatiir 

 Elsass-Lothringens. 



