470 MAN : PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 



amongst the Sudanese Negroes ; the Guanches of the Canary 

 Islands. 



Of the Eastern Hamites he remarks generally that they 

 do not form a homogeneous division, but rather a 

 number of different peoples either crowded together 

 in separate areas, or dispersed in the territories of 

 other peoples. They agree more in their inner than in their 

 outer characters, without constituting a single ethnical type. 

 The cranial forms are variable, though converging, and evidently 

 to be regarded as very old varieties of an original stock. The 

 features are also variable, converging and characteristic, with 

 straight or arched (aquiloid) nose quite different from the Negro ; 

 lips rather thick, but never everted as in the Negro ; hair usually 

 frizzled, not wavy ; beard thin ; skin very variable, brown, red- 

 brown, black-brown, ruddy black, chocolate and coffee-brown, 

 reddish or yellowish, these variations being due to crossings and 

 the outward physical conditions. 



In this assumption Sergi is supported by the analogous case of 

 the western Berbers between the Senegal and Marocco, to whom 

 Collignon and Deniker 1 restrict the term "Moor," 

 ., Moors'." 81 " m as an ethnical name. The chief groups, which 

 range from the Atlantic coast east to the camping 

 grounds of the true Tuaregs 2 are the Trarsas and Braknas of the 

 Senegal river, and farther north the Dwai'sh (Idoesh), Uled-Bella, 

 Uled-Embark, and Uled-en-Nasur. From a study of four of 

 these Moors, who visited Paris in 1895, it appears that they are 

 not an Arabo-Berber cross, as commonly supposed, but true 

 Hamites, with a distinct Negro strain, shown especially in their 

 frizzly hair, bronze colour, short broad nose, and thickish lips, 

 their general appearance showing an astonishing likeness to the 

 Bejas, Afars, Somals, Abyssinians, and other Eastern Hamites. 

 This is not due to direct descent, and it is more reasonable to 

 suppose " that at the two extremities of the continent the same 



1 Les Manres du Senegal, in L? Anthropologie 1896, p. 258 sq. 



That is, the Sanhaja-an Lithain, those who wear the lithatn or veil, which 

 is needed to protect them from the sand, but has now acquired religious signi- 

 ficance, and is never worn by the "Moors."' Cf. the totem, originally a badge, 

 now often a god. 



