516 MAN: PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 



common both to North Germany and Scandinavia, show the 

 intimate association of all these lands at the dawn of history. 



At first no sharp parting line can be detected within the Teu- 

 tonic linguistic family ; but the Kattegat and Great Belt must soon 

 have divided the whole region into two distinct speech areas south 

 Sweden and north Germany which became gradually more 

 marked, while the cleft between north and south Germany must 

 also have grown wider by the spread of the tribes west and south 

 in the La Tene period, say about 300 B.C. The parting line was 

 now shifted to Jutland, whence the Cimbrians, Teutons, Eudusi, 

 Harudi, and Heruli streamed forth. Thus the general Teutonic 

 law of sound-shifting need not in its first (pre-historic) stage be 

 set back farther than about 400 B.C., although Miillenhoff dates 

 it some 600 years earlier. 



In any case it is now certain that the great waves of Teutonic 

 migration began some time before the new era, and while some 

 set south and west, others, and these perhaps the earliest, flowed 

 south-east towards their original Eurasiatic seats. Amongst these 

 may have been the Thracians and the kindred Phrygians^ by 

 many believed to be of Germanic stock, but whether belated 

 Teutons left behind on their march to the north, or more recent 

 arrivals from the north, they do not say ; nor indeed are there 

 sufficient data for a profitable discussion of the question. 



We reach firmer ground with the Bastanm, who are the earliest 

 Teutonic people that come within the historical 



T*Vi 



Bastamae. horizon. Already mentioned doubtfully by Strabo 

 as separating the Germani from the Scythians 

 (Tyragetes) about the Dniester and Dnieper, their movements may 

 now be followed by authentic documents from the Baltic to the 

 Euxine. Fortwangler 1 shows that the earliest known German 

 figures are those of the Adamklissi monument, in the Dobruja, 

 commemorating the victory of Crassus over the Bastarnae, Getse, 

 and Thracians in 28 B.C. The Bastarnse migrated before the 

 Cimbri and Teutons through the Vistula valley to the Lower 

 Danube about 200 B.C. They had relations with the Macedonians, 

 and the successes of Mithridates over the Romans were due to 



1 Paper read at the Meeting of the Ger. Anthrop. Soc.,. Spiers, 1896. 



