524 MAN: PAST AND PRESENT. [CHAP. 



Danube to the former Keltic lands of Bohemia, Helvetia, Gaul 

 and Britain, the traces left by the elder Q's had been effaced by 

 the P's arriving later 1 . The phenomenon may also, perhaps, be 

 partly due to the tendency in the Q group to drop initial/, as in 

 Erin - Perin, where the / seems preserved in the Greek Iltepta 2 , 

 the name of a district on the route taken by the 



Migrations. J 



Q's to the Danube. A difficulty is presented by 

 the Gauls, Caesar's Celta, between the Garonne and the Seine, 

 who form the great bulk of the present French nation, and are 

 known from the surviving fragments of their speech to have been 

 P's, despite their name, which seems to connect them with the 

 Gaelic Q's. But it would appear that Galli is from the common 

 Keltic root gal, " valour," occurring also in Galatce, i.e. those 

 Gauls who later, reversing the former route, swept through 

 Greece back to their original homes in Asia Minor, and were 

 honoured by a letter from St Paul. The name has nothing to do 



o 



with the Irish Goidil, Gaoidhil, Gael, the etymology of which is 

 unknown 3 . Another difficulty is raised by Cymro, plural Cymry, 

 the national name of the Welsh or British Kelts, and assumed to 

 be the same as that of the Teutonic CimbrL But although such 

 shiftings of national names are not impossible and do occur, as 

 with the Gallo-Romans, who now call their country France, and 

 themselves Francais from their conquerors the Germanic Franks, 

 the Cimbn never conquered the British Cymry, who are the 

 Com-brog*, the people of the " marches," or borderlands, perhaps 



Qn of course occurs in place-names in Gallic territory; "but it is not yet 

 absolutely proved that the Gaulish place-names with qu are Aryan, or that if 

 Aryan their qu is etymologically equivalent to the Welsh /" (H. Bradley, 

 Acad. Jan. 9, 1892, p. 42). 



; Birthplace of the Muses and Orpheus, quoted by Prof. Thurmeysen in 

 Keltoromanisches, Halle, 1884. Keltic scholars, I believe, generally recognise 

 a loss of/ in Erin. 



3 It has been equated with Lat. hoe.dus, while Celtce, the Kelts, is referred 

 to the same root as Lat. celsiis, and Lithuanian keltas, lofty, exalted, noble. 

 It is curious to note in this connection that the Kelts appear before their further 

 westward wanderings to have been long in close association with the Lithu- 

 anians, as well as with other Slav peoples. 



4 Cf. Allo-broges, where the Gaulish stem brog, Welsh bro, Ir. brug, point 

 through the Old- Irish innig to an original Keltic root mntgu, cognate with 



