562 MAN : PAST AND PRESENT. fCHAP. 



racial motives, an instinctive sense of self-preservation, which 

 expressed itself in an informal way by local class distinctions 

 which were afterwards sanctioned by religion, but eventually 

 broke down or degenerated into the present relations under the 

 outward pressure of imperious social necessities. 



Beyond the mainland and Ceylon no Caucasic peoples of 

 Aryan speech are known to have ranged in neo- 

 C ^ tn ^ c or prehistoric times. But we have already 

 followed the early migrations of the proto-Caucasic 

 race, here called INDONESIANS, into Malaysia, the Philippines, 

 Formosa and the Japanese Archipelago, which they must have 

 occupied in the New Stone Age. Here there occurs a great 

 break, for they are not again met till we reach Micronesia and 

 the still more remote insular groups beyond Melanesia. In 

 Micronesia the relations are extremely confused, 



Micronesians. . . . . . . . .. 



because, as it seems, this group had already been 

 occupied by the Melanesians from New Guinea before the 

 arrival of the Indonesians, while after their arrival they were 

 followed at intervals by Malays perhaps from the Philippines and 

 Formosa, and still later by Japanese, if not also by Chinese from 

 the mainland. Hence the types are here as varied as the colour, 

 which appears, going eastwards, to shade off from the dark brown 

 of the Pelevv and Caroline Islanders to the light brown of the 

 Marshall and Gilbert groups, where we already touch upon the 

 skirts of the true Indonesian domain. 



A line drawn athwart the Pacific from New Zealand through 

 Fiji to Hawaii will roughly cut off this domain from 



Polynesians. . 



the rest of the Oceanic world, where all to the 

 west is Melanesian, Papuan or mixed, while all to the right- 

 Maori, some of the eastern Fijians, Tongans, Samoans, Tahitians, 

 Marquesans, Hawaiians and Easter Islanders constitute the 

 purest and most interesting section of the Caucasic Indonesians. 

 Their claim to belong to this connection can no longer be 

 seriously questioned, since, as now firmly established, there 

 have been from the remotest times both a dolicho and a 

 brachy section of the Caucasic division. To the former section 



