﻿80 
  

  

  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  kinds 
  which 
  usually 
  grow 
  in 
  very 
  damp 
  soil 
  or 
  in 
  swamps, 
  

   such 
  as 
  the 
  jack-in-the-pulpit, 
  skunk 
  cabbage, 
  white 
  hellebore, 
  

   papaw, 
  and 
  sonic 
  magnolias, 
  are 
  frequently 
  large-leaved 
  plants. 
  

   Many 
  plants 
  which 
  grow 
  in 
  extremely 
  dry 
  soils, 
  or 
  in 
  regions 
  

   where 
  the 
  summer 
  rainfall 
  is 
  scanty 
  or 
  altogether 
  lacking, 
  are 
  

   characterized 
  by 
  small 
  leaves, 
  often 
  awl-shaped 
  or 
  thread-like. 
  

   Few 
  familiar 
  examples 
  of 
  such 
  plants 
  with 
  highly 
  reduced 
  leaf 
  

  

  surface 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  among 
  the 
  wild 
  

   plants 
  of 
  the 
  northern 
  United 
  States. 
  

  

  FIG. 
  64. 
  The 
  crowberry 
  

  

  This 
  plant 
  has 
  minute 
  leaves 
  

  

  \\itli 
  their 
  margins 
  rolled 
  

   under. 
  It 
  thrives 
  in 
  dry, 
  

  

  exposed 
  situations. 
  Aliout. 
  

   one 
  half 
  natural 
  size 
  

  

  ;. 
  05. 
  A 
  fleshy-leaved 
  plant 
  (Meseni- 
  

   bryanthemum) 
  with 
  much 
  water 
  stored 
  in 
  

   the 
  stiff, 
  clustered 
  leaves 
  

  

  After 
  l>e 
  Candolle 
  

  

  The 
  crowberry 
  (fig. 
  04) 
  is 
  one 
  good 
  instance 
  of 
  the 
  kind, 
  

   and 
  a 
  few 
  weeds 
  of 
  the 
  Pink 
  family, 
  some 
  St.-John's-worts, 
  and 
  

   some 
  little 
  spurges 
  are 
  other 
  examples. 
  The 
  heather 
  (Erica), 
  

   often 
  cultivated 
  in 
  greenhouses, 
  is 
  an 
  excellent 
  instance 
  of 
  

   minute, 
  awl-shaped 
  leaves. 
  

  

  Thick, 
  fleshy 
  leaves 
  (fig. 
  65) 
  are 
  common 
  in 
  plants 
  of 
  desert 
  

   or 
  semi-desert 
  regions. 
  Some 
  of 
  these 
  leaves 
  are 
  almost 
  cylin- 
  

   drical 
  ; 
  others 
  are 
  tongue-shaped 
  ; 
  others, 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  cen- 
  

   tury 
  plant, 
  are 
  thick 
  and 
  broad 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  and 
  taper 
  to 
  a 
  spiny 
  

   tip. 
  All 
  fleshy, 
  or 
  SH, 
  <!(/, 
  'at, 
  leaves 
  hold 
  much 
  stored 
  water 
  for 
  

   use 
  in 
  seasons 
  of 
  drought. 
  

  

  