﻿98 
  

  

  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  92. 
  Competition 
  among 
  buds 
  and 
  branches. 
  Seen 
  from 
  a 
  

   little 
  distance 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  a 
  tree 
  usually 
  appears 
  like 
  a 
  some- 
  

   what 
  conical 
  or 
  hemispherical 
  mass 
  of 
  leafy 
  branches, 
  but 
  <n 
  

  

  looking 
  along 
  the 
  trunk 
  up 
  into 
  

   the 
  tree 
  top 
  one 
  sees 
  that 
  the 
  

   interior 
  of 
  the 
  crown 
  is 
  hollow, 
  

   nearly 
  destitute 
  of 
  leaves, 
  and 
  

   with 
  few 
  live 
  twigs 
  on 
  the 
  

   trunk 
  (except 
  near 
  its 
  upper 
  

   end) 
  and 
  few 
  on 
  or 
  near 
  the 
  

   liases 
  of 
  the 
  branches. 
  A 
  very 
  

   large 
  proportion 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  

   much-shaded 
  twigs 
  that 
  might 
  

   be 
  developed 
  into 
  branches 
  

   during 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  a 
  tree 
  

   are 
  actually 
  killed 
  by 
  light- 
  

   starvation. 
  They 
  cannot 
  do 
  

   photosynthetic 
  work 
  and 
  are 
  

   therefore 
  without 
  food. 
  

  

  Cutting 
  off 
  the 
  top 
  or 
  the 
  

   main 
  branches 
  of 
  many 
  kinds 
  of 
  

   trees 
  (j>'>l/<ir<lin</) 
  causes 
  buds 
  

   along 
  the 
  trunk 
  and 
  larger 
  

   branches 
  to 
  develop 
  into 
  slen- 
  

   der 
  twigs, 
  used 
  for 
  withes 
  and 
  

   for 
  basket-making 
  (fig. 
  82). 
  

   93. 
  Fruit 
  spurs. 
  Afru/tx/mr 
  

   a 
  short 
  fruit-bearing 
  twig 
  

  

  Ki<;. 
  8:i. 
  A 
  pollarded 
  \villo\v 
  send- 
  

   ing 
  out 
  many 
  slender 
  twii^s 
  from 
  

   buds 
  which 
  wimld 
  nut 
  have 
  "Town 
  

   if 
  tin- 
  main 
  branches 
  had 
  not 
  hem 
  

   cut 
  away 
  

  

  is 
  

  

  borne 
  on 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  a 
  branch 
  

   ( 
  tigs. 
  83 
  and 
  84). 
  Apple, 
  pear, 
  

   plum, 
  and 
  cherry 
  trees 
  afford 
  

   capital 
  examples 
  of 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  fruit 
  spurs. 
  At 
  the 
  tip 
  

   of 
  the 
  spur 
  a 
  flower 
  bud 
  (or 
  a 
  mixed 
  bud) 
  is 
  borne, 
  and 
  this 
  

   usually 
  develops 
  into 
  a 
  cluster 
  of 
  flowers, 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  of 
  

   which, 
  under 
  favorable 
  conditions 
  for 
  growth, 
  may 
  mature 
  

   into 
  fruit. 
  In 
  the 
  apple 
  and 
  the 
  pear 
  (fig. 
  84), 
  although 
  the 
  

  

  