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  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  1 
  1 
  the 
  terminal 
  bud 
  of 
  the 
  spur 
  contains 
  leaves 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  

   flowers, 
  a 
  leaf 
  bud 
  is 
  likely 
  to 
  grow 
  in 
  the 
  axil 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  leaves 
  and 
  thus 
  provide 
  for 
  the 
  growl 
  li 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  spur 
  during 
  another 
  year. 
  This 
  

  

  process 
  may 
  go 
  on 
  for 
  a 
  good 
  many 
  years. 
  

   Evidently, 
  when 
  the 
  spur 
  produces 
  a 
  

  

  terminal 
  bud 
  containing 
  flowers, 
  it 
  cannot 
  

  

  grow 
  straight 
  ahead 
  

  

  but 
  must 
  turn 
  aside 
  

  

  somewhat. 
  A 
  lit- 
  

   tle 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  age 
  of 
  fruit 
  spurs, 
  

  

  made 
  by 
  cutting 
  

  

  across 
  them 
  and 
  

  

  counting 
  the 
  rings 
  

  

  of 
  growth, 
  shows 
  

  

  that 
  they 
  increase 
  

  

  in 
  length 
  very 
  

  

  slowly. 
  This 
  must- 
  

   be 
  the 
  case, 
  since 
  

  

  much 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  

  

  food 
  used 
  by 
  the 
  

  

  spur 
  is 
  expended 
  

  

  in 
  producing 
  the 
  

  

  flowers 
  and 
  fruit. 
  

  

  The 
  Mower 
  scars 
  

  

  on 
  an 
  old 
  fruit 
  spur 
  are 
  not 
  all 
  alike, 
  

   some 
  being 
  much 
  larger 
  than 
  others. 
  

   This 
  is 
  because 
  the 
  smaller 
  ones 
  murk 
  the 
  

   places 
  where 
  Mowers 
  were 
  borne 
  but 
  no 
  

   full-grown 
  fruit 
  was 
  matured, 
  while 
  the 
  

   ones 
  that 
  bore 
  successful 
  fruit 
  are 
  larger 
  

   and 
  more 
  sharply 
  defined. 
  

  

  What 
  would 
  be 
  the 
  effect 
  on 
  the 
  

   growth 
  of 
  a 
  young 
  tree 
  if 
  all 
  the 
  fruit 
  spurs 
  or 
  buds 
  that 
  

   produce 
  them 
  were 
  pruned 
  away 
  year 
  after 
  year? 
  

  

  FIG. 
  85. 
  A 
  lengthwise 
  

  

  section 
  of 
  bud 
  of 
  thorn 
  

  

  tree 
  (Cratovgus) 
  

  

  br, 
  brown 
  outer 
  bud 
  

   scales 
  ; 
  o, 
  pale 
  bud 
  scale 
  ; 
  

  

  j, 
  innermost 
  rudimentary 
  

   leaves; 
  </, 
  growing 
  point 
  

   at 
  apex 
  of 
  t\vi-, 
  consisting 
  

   of 
  cells 
  in 
  a 
  condition 
  to 
  

   sub-divide 
  and 
  multiply 
  

   rapidly 
  at 
  thr 
  beginning 
  

   of 
  the 
  growing 
  season. 
  

   Somewhat 
  magnified 
  

  

  Fie. 
  yii. 
  Twii; 
  of 
  cotton- 
  

  

  wood 
  with 
  buds 
  in 
  winter 
  

  

  condition 
  

  

  b.sc, 
  bud-scale 
  scars. 
  Two 
  

   thirds 
  natural 
  size 
  

  

  