﻿CHAPTER 
  IX 
  

  

  stamen 
  

  

  - 
  corolla 
  

   - 
  calyx 
  

  

  ^.pistil 
  

  

  FLOWERS 
  

  

  114. 
  The 
  organs 
  of 
  the 
  flower. 
  Although 
  a 
  brief 
  discussion 
  

   of 
  the 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  flower 
  was 
  presented 
  in 
  Chapter 
  II, 
  it 
  will 
  

   be 
  necessary 
  here 
  to 
  consider 
  them 
  more 
  carefully. 
  Many 
  of 
  

   the 
  most 
  highly 
  organized 
  flowering 
  plants 
  have 
  flowers 
  with 
  

   four 
  sets 
  of 
  organs, 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  figure 
  101. 
  The 
  outer 
  set 
  

   (the 
  calyx') 
  consists 
  of 
  parts 
  

   called 
  sepals, 
  which 
  are 
  usually 
  

   green 
  and 
  rather 
  leaf 
  -like. 
  Just 
  

   within 
  or 
  above 
  the 
  calyx 
  comes 
  

   the 
  corolla, 
  which 
  consists 
  of 
  

   leaf 
  -like 
  parts 
  (petals) 
  usually 
  

   of 
  some 
  other 
  color 
  than 
  green. 
  

   Next 
  comes 
  a 
  set 
  of 
  sttuiK'i/x, 
  

   which 
  very 
  commonly 
  appear 
  

   as 
  stalked 
  organs, 
  each 
  with 
  

   an 
  enlarged, 
  knob-like 
  tip. 
  Fi- 
  

   nally, 
  the 
  innermost, 
  or 
  upper- 
  

   most, 
  set 
  of 
  organs 
  consists 
  

  

  of 
  carpels, 
  which, 
  if 
  united, 
  constitute 
  the 
  compound 
  pistil, 
  

   or, 
  if 
  separate 
  from 
  one 
  another, 
  constitute 
  the 
  simple 
  pistils. 
  

  

  Not 
  many 
  flowers 
  have 
  organs 
  as 
  distinct 
  - 
  - 
  that 
  is, 
  as 
  

   wholly 
  separate 
  from 
  each 
  other 
  as 
  they 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  live- 
  

   forever 
  (fig. 
  102). 
  In 
  the 
  Hydrophyllum 
  (fig. 
  101) 
  the 
  organs 
  

   of 
  each 
  set, 
  except 
  the 
  stamens, 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  

   united. 
  The 
  pistil 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  all 
  of 
  one 
  piece, 
  except 
  that 
  

   it 
  is 
  two-forked 
  at 
  the 
  tip. 
  Hardly 
  any 
  two 
  kinds 
  of 
  flowers 
  

   have 
  exactly 
  the 
  same 
  forms 
  and 
  arrangements 
  of 
  the 
  floral 
  

   organs. 
  A 
  few 
  of 
  the 
  forms 
  are 
  figured 
  in 
  Chapter 
  X. 
  

  

  125 
  

  

  FIG. 
  101. 
  Flower 
  of 
  Hydrophyllum, 
  

  

  side 
  view 
  and 
  lengthwise 
  section 
  

  

  A 
  good 
  example 
  of 
  a 
  flower 
  in 
  which 
  

  

  the 
  parts 
  of 
  each 
  set 
  except 
  the 
  stamens 
  

  

  appear 
  to 
  be 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  joined 
  together. 
  

  

  Modified 
  after 
  Decaisne 
  

  

  