﻿130 
  

  

  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  \\ 
  ilh 
  the 
  numerous 
  

  

  stamens 
  in 
  three 
  

  

  groups 
  

  

  The 
  sepals 
  and 
  petals 
  

  

  have 
  been 
  removed. 
  

  

  After 
  Warming 
  

  

  ;/ 
  

  

  <i 
  

  

  Stamens 
  are 
  often 
  joined 
  by 
  their 
  filaments 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  form 
  

   one, 
  two, 
  three 
  (fig. 
  109), 
  or 
  several 
  groups. 
  In 
  other 
  cases 
  

   they 
  are 
  joined 
  by 
  their 
  anthers 
  into 
  a 
  single 
  group 
  which 
  

   surrounds 
  the 
  pistil 
  (fig. 
  110). 
  In 
  the 
  latter 
  

   case 
  the 
  pollen 
  is 
  often 
  at 
  length 
  forced 
  out 
  

   of 
  the 
  anther 
  tube 
  in 
  a 
  single 
  mass 
  by 
  the 
  

   lengthening 
  pistil 
  (Jig. 
  111). 
  

  

  121. 
  Carpel 
  and 
  pistil. 
  Although 
  the 
  ent 
  ire 
  

   flower 
  is 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  engaged 
  in 
  the 
  work 
  

   of 
  seed 
  production, 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  carpel 
  (from 
  a 
  

   Greek 
  word 
  meaning 
  " 
  fruit 
  ") 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   Fi;. 
  109. 
  Flower 
  rudimentary 
  seeds, 
  or 
  ovules, 
  originate. 
  In 
  

   of 
  St.-Joinfs-wort, 
  fa 
  simplest 
  form, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  pines 
  and 
  related 
  

   trees, 
  the 
  

   carpel 
  con- 
  

   sists 
  of 
  a 
  

   scale 
  of 
  the 
  

   seed- 
  bear- 
  

   ing 
  cone 
  (fig. 
  224). 
  Each 
  

   young 
  scale 
  bears 
  at 
  its 
  

   base 
  an 
  ovule, 
  or 
  rudi- 
  

   mentary 
  seed. 
  Among 
  the 
  

   higher 
  flowering 
  plants 
  the 
  

   carpel 
  produces 
  the 
  ovules 
  

   inside 
  a 
  cavity 
  known 
  as 
  

   the 
  ovary 
  (fig. 
  112). 
  

  

  The 
  carpcllary 
  portion 
  FIG. 
  110. 
  Stamens 
  

   of 
  the 
  flower 
  of 
  the 
  higher 
  of 
  a 
  thistle, 
  with 
  

  

  seed 
  plants 
  (whether 
  it 
  con- 
  anthers 
  unit 
  ( 
  " 
  1 
  into 
  

  

  1 
  , 
  , 
  . 
  a 
  ring 
  

  

  sists 
  or 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  carpels) 
  

  

  . 
  , 
  , 
  . 
  ., 
  T 
  , 
  . 
  a, 
  united 
  anthers; 
  f, 
  

  

  IS 
  known 
  as 
  t 
  lie 
  pistil. 
  h,Vl- 
  filaments, 
  bearded 
  

  

  dently, 
  if 
  the 
  flower 
  has 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  sides 
  - 
  A 
  "" 
  

  

  one 
  carpel 
  (fig. 
  105), 
  the 
  

  

  words 
  curpt-l 
  and 
  pistil 
  as 
  applied 
  to 
  such 
  a 
  flower 
  mean 
  the 
  

  

  same 
  thing. 
  If 
  there 
  are 
  several 
  carpels, 
  each 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  units 
  of 
  \\liieh 
  the 
  entire 
  pistil 
  is 
  built 
  (fig. 
  102). 
  A 
  pistil 
  

  

  i 
  

  

  FIG. 
  111. 
  A 
  single 
  

   flower 
  of 
  the 
  hun- 
  

   dred 
  ur 
  mi 
  ire 
  which 
  

   compose 
  the 
  head 
  

   of 
  flowers 
  of 
  the 
  

   Canada 
  thistle 
  

  

  K, 
  the 
  anthers 
  united 
  

   to 
  form 
  a 
  tube 
  : 
  />, 
  

   the 
  clump 
  of 
  pollen 
  

   grains 
  forced 
  out 
  

   from 
  the 
  anther 
  tube 
  

   by 
  the 
  lengthening 
  of 
  

   the 
  pistil 
  within 
  the 
  

   tube. 
  After 
  H.Miiller 
  

  

  