﻿FLOWERS 
  

  

  133 
  

  

  relative 
  positions 
  of 
  the 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  different 
  whorls. 
  Such 
  

   sections 
  do 
  not 
  usually 
  show 
  just 
  what 
  would 
  appear 
  on 
  the 
  

   cut 
  surface 
  made 
  by 
  slicing 
  the 
  flower 
  across 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  

  

  ABC 
  

   FIG. 
  116. 
  Floral 
  diagrams 
  

  

  A, 
  Lily 
  family 
  ; 
  B, 
  Heath 
  family 
  ; 
  C, 
  Madder 
  family 
  ; 
  D, 
  Composite 
  family. 
  The 
  

   dot 
  above 
  the 
  diagram 
  indicates 
  the 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  stem 
  or 
  axis 
  which 
  bears 
  the 
  

   flowers. 
  The 
  sepals 
  are 
  distinguished 
  from 
  the 
  petals 
  by 
  being 
  represented 
  with 
  

   midribs. 
  In 
  B 
  the 
  alternate 
  stamens 
  are 
  printed 
  lighter, 
  since 
  some 
  flowers 
  of 
  

   this 
  family 
  have 
  five 
  and 
  some 
  ten 
  stamens. 
  After 
  Sachs 
  

  

  to 
  its 
  axis 
  ; 
  they 
  rather 
  give 
  the 
  section 
  that 
  would 
  be 
  ob- 
  

   tained 
  by 
  raising 
  or 
  lowering 
  the 
  successive 
  whorls 
  until 
  all 
  

   stood 
  on 
  the 
  same 
  level, 
  and 
  then 
  making 
  a 
  section. 
  It 
  is 
  usual 
  

   to 
  distinguish 
  sepals 
  from 
  petals 
  by 
  representing 
  the 
  former 
  

   with 
  a 
  midrib, 
  and 
  to 
  represent 
  the 
  section 
  as 
  passing 
  through 
  

   the 
  anthers 
  and 
  ovaries 
  of 
  the 
  stamens 
  and 
  pistils, 
  respectively. 
  

  

  