﻿154 
  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  flowers 
  of 
  bluets 
  (fig. 
  138), 
  the 
  partridge 
  berry, 
  

   the 
  primrose, 
  and 
  sonic 
  other 
  common 
  flowers. 
  It 
  is 
  easy 
  to 
  

   see 
  that 
  the 
  tongue 
  of 
  an 
  bisect 
  smeared 
  with 
  pollen 
  by 
  contact 
  

   with 
  the 
  anthers 
  of 
  figure 
  138, 
  A 
  would 
  just 
  come 
  into 
  contact 
  

   with 
  the 
  stigma 
  of 
  7>', 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  insect's 
  abdomen 
  covered 
  

   with 
  pollen 
  in 
  B 
  would 
  just 
  touch 
  the 
  stigma 
  of 
  A. 
  All 
  the 
  

   flowers 
  on 
  an 
  individual 
  plant 
  are 
  of 
  one 
  kind 
  (either 
  long- 
  

   styled 
  or 
  short-styled), 
  and 
  the 
  pollen 
  is 
  of 
  two 
  sorts, 
  each 
  

   kind 
  sterile 
  on 
  the 
  stigma 
  of 
  any 
  flower 
  of 
  similar 
  form 
  to 
  that 
  

   from 
  which 
  it 
  came. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  general 
  subject 
  of 
  pollination 
  of 
  flowers 
  and 
  illus- 
  

   trations 
  of 
  special 
  cases 
  see 
  

  

  DARWIN, 
  The 
  Effects 
  of 
  Cross- 
  and 
  Self-Fertili/ation 
  in 
  the 
  Vegeta- 
  

   ble 
  Kingdom. 
  I). 
  Appleton 
  and 
  Company, 
  NV\\- 
  York. 
  

  

  DAHWIN, 
  Different 
  Forms 
  of 
  Flowers 
  on 
  Plants 
  of 
  the 
  Same 
  Species. 
  

   D. 
  Appleton 
  and 
  Company, 
  New 
  York. 
  

  

  DAHWIN, 
  The 
  Various 
  Contrivances 
  by 
  which 
  Orchids 
  are 
  fertili/.ed 
  

   by 
  Insects. 
  D. 
  Appleton 
  and 
  Company, 
  Xcw 
  York. 
  

  

  GRAY, 
  Structural 
  Botany. 
  American 
  Book 
  Company, 
  New 
  York. 
  

  

  KKKNER-OI.IVKR, 
  Natural 
  History 
  of 
  Plants, 
  Vol. 
  II. 
  Henry 
  Holt 
  

   and 
  Company, 
  New 
  York. 
  

  

  KNCTII-DAVIS, 
  Handbook 
  of 
  Flower 
  Pollination. 
  Clarendon 
  1'n 
  *<. 
  

   Oxford. 
  

  

  WKKD, 
  Ten 
  New 
  England 
  Blossoms. 
  Iloughton 
  Miffliu 
  Company, 
  

   Boston. 
  

  

  PROBLEMS 
  i 
  

  

  1. 
  Of 
  what 
  use 
  to 
  the 
  plant, 
  are 
  llo\\ers? 
  On 
  \vhat 
  grounds 
  would 
  

   you 
  deride 
  wliicli 
  of 
  two 
  (lowers 
  serves 
  this 
  purpose 
  more 
  effect 
  ively? 
  

  

  2. 
  In 
  a 
  general 
  way, 
  are 
  the 
  (lowers 
  discussed 
  in 
  the 
  earlier 
  or 
  the 
  

   later 
  sections 
  (sects, 
  loll 
  !!.">) 
  more 
  perfectly 
  equipped 
  for 
  successful 
  

   pollination 
  ? 
  

  

  3. 
  If 
  the 
  lowest, 
  types 
  of 
  flower 
  came 
  earlier 
  than 
  the 
  highest 
  ones, 
  

   what 
  kind 
  of 
  pollination 
  probably 
  characterized 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  flower- 
  

   ing 
  plants 
  that 
  appeared 
  on 
  the 
  earth? 
  

  

  4. 
  Why 
  does 
  a 
  corn 
  plant 
  growing 
  alone 
  seldom 
  produce 
  good 
  ears? 
  

  

  1 
  These 
  problems 
  are 
  to 
  some 
  extent 
  based 
  on 
  the 
  statements 
  in 
  regard 
  

   to 
  floral 
  structures 
  given 
  in 
  Chapter 
  IX. 
  

  

  