﻿MOSSES, 
  LIVERWORTS, 
  AND 
  FERNS 
  

  

  263 
  

  

  Its 
  cells 
  contain 
  chloroplasts 
  and 
  can 
  manufacture 
  their 
  own 
  

   food. 
  Since 
  this 
  filament 
  precedes 
  the 
  leafy 
  moss 
  plant, 
  it 
  is 
  

   called 
  the 
  protonema, 
  which 
  means 
  "first 
  thread" 
  (fig. 
  203, 
  A). 
  

  

  FIG. 
  203. 
  The 
  life 
  cycle 
  of 
  a 
  moss 
  plant 
  

  

  A, 
  branching 
  protonema, 
  magnified 
  50 
  diameters. 
  B 
  and 
  b, 
  protonema 
  producing 
  

   buds 
  (1,2, 
  and 
  3), 
  rhizoids 
  (rh), 
  and 
  underground 
  branches 
  (H) 
  ; 
  magnified 
  40 
  diame- 
  

   ters. 
  (', 
  adult 
  leafy 
  plants 
  (l.p), 
  upon 
  which 
  are 
  the 
  sporophytes 
  (.s) 
  with 
  their 
  cap- 
  

   sules 
  (c/),s)j 
  in 
  which 
  spores 
  are 
  borne, 
  the 
  capsule 
  tip 
  being 
  covered 
  by 
  the 
  hood, 
  

   or 
  calyptra 
  (cal) 
  ; 
  natural 
  size. 
  D 
  and 
  E, 
  enlarged 
  capsules 
  with 
  the 
  mouth, 
  or 
  

   peristome 
  (p),from 
  which 
  the 
  teeth 
  (t) 
  extend; 
  magnified 
  25 
  diameters. 
  All 
  are 
  

   the 
  moss 
  Atrichum 
  undulatum 
  except 
  D, 
  which 
  is 
  Fixxi<l<'ns 
  adiantoides. 
  A 
  and 
  

   B 
  from 
  Bonnier 
  and 
  Sablon 
  ; 
  C', 
  D, 
  and 
  E 
  from 
  Braithwaite 
  

  

  