﻿314 
  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  The 
  manufacture 
  of 
  paper 
  and 
  many 
  ail 
  ides 
  of 
  commerce 
  

   from 
  wood 
  pulp 
  has 
  become 
  an 
  industry 
  of 
  such 
  prominence 
  

   as 
  to 
  endanger 
  the 
  supply 
  of 
  the 
  softer 
  timbers 
  from 
  which 
  

   the 
  pulp 
  is 
  made. 
  Straw 
  and 
  cornstalks 
  are 
  sometimes 
  used 
  

   in 
  making 
  paper. 
  

  

  296. 
  The 
  grasses. 
  Grasses 
  contribute 
  to 
  industries 
  alreadv 
  

   mentioned 
  and 
  others 
  yet 
  to 
  be 
  discussed, 
  but 
  in 
  this 
  connec- 
  

   tion 
  we 
  have 
  in 
  mind 
  those 
  grasses 
  that 
  are 
  used 
  directly 
  or 
  

   indirectly 
  as 
  food 
  for 
  domesticated 
  animals. 
  The 
  significance 
  

   of 
  pasturage 
  can 
  be 
  seen 
  by 
  any 
  one 
  who 
  observes 
  the 
  use 
  

   made 
  of 
  grasslands 
  on 
  any 
  farm 
  or 
  ranch. 
  Grasses 
  furnish 
  

   the 
  chief 
  or 
  entire 
  food 
  supply 
  for 
  most 
  domesticated 
  animals 
  

   throughout 
  spring, 
  summer, 
  and 
  autumn, 
  and 
  during 
  winter 
  

   dried 
  grasses 
  (hay) 
  and 
  the 
  grain 
  from 
  grasses 
  complete 
  the 
  

   food 
  supply. 
  Wild 
  grass 
  has 
  been 
  depended 
  upon 
  extensively, 
  

   but 
  agriculturists 
  have 
  found 
  that 
  grass 
  production 
  and 
  hay 
  

   crops 
  improve 
  as 
  readily 
  under 
  scientific 
  management 
  in 
  a 
  state 
  

   of 
  domestication 
  as 
  do 
  other 
  crops. 
  Native 
  wild 
  grasses, 
  un- 
  

   cared 
  for, 
  often 
  produce 
  but 
  a 
  small 
  percentage 
  of 
  the 
  pastur- 
  

   age 
  or 
  hay 
  that 
  selected 
  grasses 
  (as 
  blue 
  grass 
  and 
  timothy), 
  

   when 
  properly 
  planted 
  and 
  cared 
  for, 
  may 
  produce. 
  1 
  

  

  297. 
  The 
  cereals. 
  The 
  grain-producing 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  

   grass 
  family, 
  as 
  wheat, 
  oats, 
  corn, 
  2 
  rye, 
  barley, 
  and 
  rice, 
  are 
  

   the 
  chief 
  agricultural 
  plants 
  of 
  the 
  earth. 
  The 
  wild 
  ancestors 
  

   of 
  some 
  of 
  these 
  cereals 
  are 
  known, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  wheat, 
  

   oats, 
  and 
  rye. 
  In 
  some 
  cases, 
  as 
  wheat, 
  our 
  present 
  cultivated 
  

   types 
  do 
  not 
  differ 
  widely 
  from 
  the 
  ancestral 
  types 
  in 
  size 
  

   of 
  heads 
  or 
  grains, 
  but 
  they 
  differ 
  enormously 
  in 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  

   territory 
  over 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  grown 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  amount 
  grown 
  

   on 
  any 
  single 
  unit 
  of 
  area. 
  In 
  extending 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  any 
  

   plant 
  beyond 
  its 
  native 
  growing 
  place 
  new 
  problems 
  arise, 
  

   such 
  as 
  adapting 
  the 
  soil 
  to 
  it 
  and 
  preventing 
  the 
  plant 
  and 
  

  

  1 
  "The 
  Improvement 
  of 
  Mountain 
  Meadows," 
  Bulletin 
  127, 
  Bureau 
  of 
  

   Plant 
  Industry, 
  U.S. 
  Dept. 
  Aijr., 
  15)08. 
  

  

  2 
  E. 
  M. 
  East, 
  "A 
  Chronicle 
  of 
  the 
  Tribe 
  of 
  Corn," 
  Popular 
  Science 
  

   Monthly, 
  82 
  : 
  225-230. 
  1913. 
  

  

  