﻿I' 
  1 
  - 
  KEY 
  AND 
  FLORA 
  

  

  armed 
  with 
  a 
  slender, 
  straight 
  or 
  recurved 
  prickle. 
  On 
  dry, 
  sandy 
  

   soil 
  ; 
  wood 
  light, 
  soft, 
  weak, 
  and 
  of 
  little 
  value.* 
  

  

  5. 
  P. 
  sylvestris 
  L. 
  SCOTCH 
  PINE 
  (wrongly 
  called 
  Scotch 
  Fir). 
  A 
  

   medium-sized 
  tree, 
  with 
  the 
  older 
  bark 
  reddish 
  and 
  scaly. 
  Leaves 
  in 
  

   twos, 
  l\-2\ 
  in. 
  long. 
  Cones 
  rather 
  small 
  and 
  tapering 
  (Fig 
  1, 
  1, 
  c). 
  

   Cultivated 
  from 
  Europe. 
  

  

  6. 
  P. 
  resinosa 
  Ait. 
  RED 
  PINE, 
  NORWAY 
  PINE. 
  A 
  tall, 
  rather 
  

   slender 
  tree, 
  witli 
  bark 
  reddish-brown 
  and 
  moderately 
  smooth. 
  

   Leaves 
  in 
  twos, 
  slender, 
  and 
  5-6 
  in. 
  long. 
  Cones 
  borne 
  at 
  the 
  ends 
  

   of 
  the 
  branches, 
  smooth, 
  about 
  2 
  in. 
  long. 
  A 
  valuable 
  timber 
  tree, 
  

   which 
  often 
  grows 
  in 
  small, 
  scattered 
  clumps; 
  wood 
  firm, 
  pale 
  red, 
  

   and 
  not 
  very 
  resinous 
  ; 
  used 
  in 
  house 
  and 
  bridge 
  building, 
  and 
  for 
  

   masts 
  and 
  spars. 
  

  

  7. 
  P. 
  palustris 
  Mill. 
  LONG-LEAVED 
  PINE. 
  A 
  large 
  tree 
  ; 
  bark 
  

   thin-scaled, 
  wood 
  very 
  resinous, 
  old 
  trees 
  with 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  spreading 
  

   branches 
  near 
  the 
  top. 
  Leaves 
  in 
  threes, 
  10-15 
  in. 
  long. 
  Sheaths 
  

   1-1 
  1 
  in. 
  long, 
  crowded 
  near 
  the 
  ends 
  of 
  very 
  scaly 
  twigs. 
  Staminate 
  

   catkins 
  2-3 
  in. 
  long, 
  bright 
  purple, 
  conspicuous. 
  Cones 
  terminal, 
  

   ellipsoid-conical, 
  6-10 
  in. 
  long, 
  diameter 
  2-3 
  in. 
  before 
  opening, 
  4-6 
  

   in. 
  when 
  fully 
  opened; 
  scales 
  much 
  thickened 
  at 
  the 
  apex 
  and 
  armed 
  

   with 
  a 
  short 
  recurved 
  spine 
  at 
  the 
  end. 
  The 
  most 
  common 
  tree 
  in 
  the 
  

   pine 
  barrens 
  ; 
  wood 
  hard, 
  strong, 
  and 
  durable, 
  especially 
  valuable 
  for 
  

   floors 
  and 
  inside 
  work.* 
  

  

  H. 
  PICEA 
  Link 
  

  

  Sterile 
  flowers 
  generally 
  axillary 
  (sometimes 
  terminal), 
  

   borne 
  on 
  the 
  twigs 
  of 
  the 
  preceding 
  year. 
  Fertile 
  flowers 
  

   terminal. 
  Fruit 
  a 
  nodding, 
  thin-scaled 
  cone, 
  ripening 
  in 
  the 
  

   first 
  autumn. 
  Leaves 
  evergreen, 
  needle-shaped, 
  four-angled, 
  

   scattered 
  or 
  spirally 
  arranged. 
  

  

  1. 
  P. 
  mariana 
  BSP. 
  BLACK 
  SPRUCE. 
  A 
  small 
  tree, 
  usually 
  only 
  

   20 
  or 
  30 
  ft. 
  high, 
  often 
  less. 
  Leaves 
  strongly 
  4-angled, 
  bluish-green, 
  

   and 
  glaucous, 
  -f 
  in. 
  long. 
  Cones 
  ovoid, 
  pointed, 
  }-H 
  in., 
  usually 
  

   about 
  1 
  in. 
  long, 
  persisting 
  sometimes 
  for 
  20-30 
  "years. 
  Wood 
  of 
  

   little 
  value 
  except 
  for 
  paper 
  pulp. 
  The 
  tree 
  is 
  especially 
  abundant 
  

   northward 
  and 
  is 
  of 
  common 
  occurrence 
  in 
  peat 
  bogs. 
  

  

  2. 
  P. 
  rubra 
  Dietrich. 
  RED 
  SPRUCE. 
  A 
  large 
  tree, 
  70-80 
  or 
  even 
  

   100 
  or 
  more 
  feet 
  high, 
  of 
  strict 
  conical 
  habit. 
  Leaves 
  dark 
  green 
  or 
  

   yellowish 
  and 
  glossy, 
  \- 
  r 
  ~ 
  in. 
  long. 
  Cones 
  ovoid-oblong, 
  acute, 
  usually 
  

  

  J 
  in. 
  long, 
  mostly 
  falling 
  the 
  first 
  year. 
  This 
  is 
  the 
  principal 
  

   timber 
  spruce 
  of 
  the 
  northeastern 
  United 
  States, 
  and 
  furnishes 
  much 
  

   rather 
  tough 
  lumber 
  for 
  use 
  in 
  floor 
  joists, 
  scantling, 
  and 
  similar 
  

   purposes. 
  

  

  