﻿BIRCH 
  FAMILY 
  55 
  

  

  the 
  nut 
  and 
  partially 
  inclosing 
  it, 
  glandular-hairy. 
  Nut 
  subglobose, 
  

   pointed, 
  edible. 
  On 
  rich 
  soil, 
  borders 
  of 
  meadows 
  and 
  fields, 
  and 
  

   in 
  oak 
  openings. 
  

  

  2. 
  C. 
  rostrata 
  Ait. 
  BEAKED 
  HAZELNUT. 
  A 
  shrub 
  4-8 
  ft. 
  high. 
  

   Young 
  twigs 
  near 
  ends 
  smooth. 
  Leaves 
  thin, 
  little 
  if 
  at 
  all 
  heart- 
  

   shaped, 
  doubly 
  serrate 
  or 
  incised, 
  taper-pointed, 
  stipules 
  linear- 
  

   lanceolate. 
  Involucre 
  completely 
  covering 
  the 
  nut 
  and 
  prolonged 
  

   into 
  a 
  beak 
  beyond 
  it. 
  Common 
  N. 
  [The 
  latter 
  species 
  is 
  not 
  

   nearly 
  as 
  widely 
  distributed 
  as 
  the 
  former 
  ; 
  they 
  cannot 
  be 
  readily 
  

   distinguished 
  from 
  each 
  other 
  until 
  the 
  fruit 
  is 
  somewhat 
  mature. 
  

   The 
  principal 
  points 
  of 
  difference 
  discernible 
  before 
  the 
  fruit 
  is 
  

   nearly 
  mature 
  are 
  the 
  hairy 
  twigs 
  of 
  No. 
  1 
  and 
  the 
  smooth 
  ones 
  of 
  

   No. 
  2, 
  and 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  No. 
  1 
  has 
  buds 
  rounded 
  at 
  the 
  apex 
  and 
  

   more 
  slender 
  and 
  longer 
  staminate 
  catkins, 
  while 
  No. 
  2 
  has 
  buds 
  

   acute 
  at 
  the 
  apex 
  and 
  thicker 
  and 
  shorter 
  staminate 
  catkins.] 
  

  

  H. 
  OSTRYA 
  Scop. 
  

  

  Small 
  trees 
  with 
  gray 
  bark 
  and 
  very 
  hard 
  wood. 
  Leaves 
  

   open 
  and 
  concave 
  in 
  the 
  bud 
  and 
  somewhat 
  plaited 
  on 
  the 
  

   veins. 
  Staminate 
  flowers 
  on 
  slender, 
  drooping 
  catkins, 
  sessile 
  

   at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  previous 
  season 
  ; 
  stamens 
  

   3-12, 
  subtended 
  by 
  a 
  bract 
  ; 
  filaments 
  forked 
  ; 
  anthers 
  hairy. 
  

   Pistillate 
  flowers 
  surrounded 
  by 
  a 
  tubular 
  bractlet, 
  which 
  

   becomes 
  large 
  and 
  bladder-like 
  at 
  maturity. 
  Fruit 
  a 
  small, 
  

   pointed, 
  smooth 
  nut; 
  mature 
  catkins 
  hop-like.* 
  

  

  1. 
  0. 
  virginiana 
  K. 
  Koch. 
  A 
  small 
  tree 
  with 
  brownish, 
  furrowed 
  

   bark. 
  Leaves 
  ovate, 
  acute, 
  doubly 
  serrate, 
  often 
  inequilateral 
  at 
  the 
  

   base, 
  short-petioled. 
  Staminate 
  and 
  fertile 
  catkins 
  2-3 
  in. 
  long. 
  In 
  

   rich 
  woods. 
  Often 
  known 
  as 
  " 
  ironwood 
  " 
  and 
  " 
  leverwood." 
  * 
  

  

  HI. 
  CARPINUS 
  L. 
  

  

  Trees 
  with, 
  thin, 
  straight-veined 
  leaves, 
  which 
  are 
  folded 
  

   in 
  the 
  bud. 
  Flowers 
  appearing 
  before 
  the 
  leaves. 
  Stamiuate 
  

   flowers 
  in 
  slender, 
  drooping 
  catkins, 
  sessile 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  

   growth 
  of 
  the 
  previous 
  season 
  ; 
  stamens 
  3-12, 
  subtended 
  by 
  a 
  

   bract; 
  filaments 
  forked; 
  anthers 
  hairy. 
  Pistillate 
  catkins 
  

   spike-like, 
  each 
  pair 
  of 
  flowers 
  subtended 
  by 
  a 
  deciduous 
  bract, 
  

   and 
  each 
  flower 
  by 
  a 
  persistent 
  bractlet, 
  which 
  becomes 
  large 
  

   and 
  leaf-like 
  in 
  fruit; 
  ovary 
  2-celled, 
  2-ovuled; 
  stigmas 
  2, 
  

   thread-like. 
  Fruit 
  a 
  small, 
  angular 
  nut.* 
  

  

  