﻿ELM 
  FAMILY 
  

  

  63 
  

  

  serrate, 
  3-4 
  in. 
  long. 
  Flowers 
  in 
  close 
  clusters 
  with 
  very 
  short 
  pedi- 
  

   cels. 
  Fruit 
  obovate-elliptical, 
  with 
  a 
  fissure 
  extending 
  almost 
  to 
  the 
  

   seed, 
  nearly 
  smooth 
  and 
  not 
  ciliate. 
  Considerably 
  planted 
  as 
  a 
  shade 
  

   tree 
  and 
  rarely 
  escaped 
  from 
  cultivation. 
  Very 
  variable, 
  one 
  variety 
  

   with 
  thick 
  ridges 
  of 
  cork 
  on 
  the 
  twigs. 
  

  

  3. 
  U. 
  americana 
  L. 
  WHITE 
  ELM. 
  A 
  large 
  tree 
  with 
  gray 
  bark, 
  

   drooping 
  branches, 
  and 
  smooth 
  or 
  slightly 
  downy 
  twigs. 
  Leaves 
  oval 
  

   or 
  obovate, 
  abruptly 
  taper-pointed 
  at 
  the 
  apex, 
  obtuse 
  and 
  oblique 
  at 
  

   the 
  base, 
  slightly 
  rough 
  above, 
  soft-downy 
  or 
  soon 
  smooth 
  beneath. 
  

   Flowers 
  in 
  close 
  fascicles; 
  pedicels 
  slender, 
  smooth. 
  Fruit 
  oval 
  or 
  

   obovate, 
  with 
  2 
  sharp 
  teeth 
  bending 
  toward 
  each 
  other 
  at 
  the 
  apex 
  ; 
  

  

  FIG. 
  12. 
  Ulmus 
  campestris 
  

  

  A, 
  a 
  flowering 
  twig; 
  B, 
  a 
  flower; 
  C, 
  longitudinal 
  section 
  of 
  a 
  flower; 
  D, 
  a 
  

   fruit. 
  (A, 
  D, 
  natural 
  size 
  ; 
  B, 
  C, 
  enlarged.) 
  (After 
  Wossidlo) 
  

  

  wing 
  reticulate-veined, 
  downy 
  on 
  the 
  margin. 
  In 
  moist, 
  rich 
  soil. 
  

   A 
  widely 
  planted 
  ornamental 
  tree 
  ; 
  wood 
  strong 
  but 
  warping 
  badly, 
  

   and 
  not 
  durable 
  when 
  exposed.* 
  

  

  4. 
  U. 
  racemosa 
  Thomas. 
  CORK 
  ELM, 
  ROCK 
  ELM. 
  A 
  large 
  tree 
  80- 
  

   100 
  ft. 
  high, 
  with 
  the 
  young 
  twigs 
  somewhat 
  downy 
  ; 
  the 
  branches 
  

   often 
  with 
  ridges 
  of 
  cork. 
  Leaves 
  much 
  as 
  in 
  U. 
  americana, 
  but 
  

   smaller 
  and 
  less 
  sharply 
  serrate. 
  Flowers 
  racemed, 
  on 
  thread-like 
  

   pedicels. 
  Fruit 
  oval, 
  downy 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  and 
  densely 
  ciliate. 
  

   In 
  rich 
  soil, 
  especially 
  along 
  river 
  banks. 
  A 
  highly 
  valuable 
  timber 
  

   tree. 
  

  

  5. 
  U. 
  alata 
  Michx. 
  WINGED 
  ELM. 
  A 
  small 
  tree 
  with 
  branches 
  

   corky-winged. 
  Leaves 
  small, 
  ovate-lanceolate, 
  acute, 
  sharply 
  serrate, 
  

   base 
  nearly 
  equal-sided, 
  rough 
  above, 
  downy 
  beneath, 
  nearly 
  sessile. 
  

  

  