﻿VIOLET 
  FAMILY 
  

  

  161 
  

  

  67. 
  VIOLACEJE. 
  VIOLET 
  FAMILY 
  

  

  Herbs, 
  with 
  simple, 
  alternate 
  leaves, 
  with 
  stipules. 
  Calyx 
  

   of 
  5 
  persistent 
  sepals. 
  Corolla 
  of 
  5 
  petals, 
  somewhat 
  zygo- 
  

   morphic 
  ; 
  one 
  petal 
  with 
  a 
  spur. 
  Stamens 
  5, 
  short, 
  the 
  fila- 
  

   ments 
  often 
  united 
  around 
  the 
  pistil 
  (Fig. 
  24). 
  Style 
  generally 
  

   club-shaped, 
  with 
  a 
  one-sided 
  stigma, 
  with 
  an 
  opening 
  leading 
  

   to 
  its 
  interior. 
  Pod 
  1-celled, 
  splitting 
  into 
  3 
  valves, 
  each 
  bear- 
  

   ing 
  a 
  placenta. 
  The 
  seeds 
  are 
  often 
  dispersed 
  by 
  the 
  splitting 
  

   of 
  the 
  elastic 
  valves 
  (Fig. 
  24). 
  

  

  ov 
  

  

  na- 
  

  

  --a 
  

  

  FIG. 
  24. 
  Viula 
  tricolor 
  

  

  A, 
  stamens 
  and 
  pistil; 
  B, 
  pistil 
  with 
  stamens 
  removed; 
  C, 
  stamen; 
  D, 
  pod 
  

   split 
  open, 
  a, 
  anther; 
  c, 
  connective; 
  tia, 
  nectarial 
  appendage 
  of 
  stamen; 
  

   o, 
  orifice 
  in 
  stigma; 
  ov, 
  ovary; 
  s, 
  stigma. 
  (A, 
  23, 
  and 
  G' 
  considerably 
  

   magnified) 
  

  

  VIOLA 
  L. 
  

  

  Sepals 
  ear-like 
  at 
  the 
  base. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  petals 
  often 
  

   bearded 
  within, 
  thus 
  affording 
  a 
  foothold 
  for 
  bees, 
  the 
  lowest 
  

   one 
  with 
  a 
  spur 
  at 
  the 
  base. 
  Stamens 
  not 
  very 
  much 
  united, 
  

   the 
  two 
  lowermost 
  with 
  spurs 
  which 
  reach 
  down 
  into 
  the 
  spur 
  

   of 
  the 
  lowest 
  petal. 
  Many 
  species 
  bear 
  inconspicuous 
  apeta- 
  

   lous 
  flowers 
  later 
  than 
  the 
  showy 
  ordinary 
  ones, 
  and 
  produce 
  

   most 
  of 
  their 
  seed 
  from 
  these 
  closed, 
  self-fertilized 
  flowers. 
  

  

  1 
  . 
  Apparently 
  stemless 
  perennials 
  

  

  1. 
  V. 
  pedata 
  L. 
  BIRD-FOOT 
  VIOLET, 
  HORSESHOE 
  VIOLET, 
  SAND 
  

   VIOLET. 
  Rootstock 
  stout, 
  upright, 
  not 
  scaly. 
  Leaves 
  roundish, 
  

   all 
  palmately 
  5-9-parted 
  into 
  linear 
  or 
  linear-lanceolate 
  divisions. 
  

   Flowers 
  showy, 
  about 
  1 
  in. 
  broad, 
  pale 
  violet 
  to 
  whitish 
  ; 
  petals 
  not 
  

   bearded. 
  Dry 
  fields 
  and 
  hillsides. 
  

  

  