﻿DOGWOOD 
  FAMILY 
  175 
  

  

  involucre. 
  Calyx 
  teeth 
  wanting. 
  Fruit 
  oval, 
  very 
  flat, 
  with 
  a 
  

   thin 
  wing 
  ; 
  oil 
  tubes 
  single, 
  running 
  the 
  whole 
  length. 
  

  

  1. 
  P. 
  sativa 
  L. 
  COMMON 
  PARSNIP. 
  Cultivated 
  from 
  Europe 
  for 
  

   its 
  large, 
  conical, 
  sweet 
  and 
  edible 
  roots. 
  Also 
  introduced 
  in 
  waste 
  

   places. 
  

  

  X. 
  HERACLEUM 
  L. 
  

  

  A 
  stout 
  perennial, 
  with 
  the 
  very 
  large 
  leaves 
  compound 
  in 
  

   threes. 
  Umbels 
  large, 
  compound, 
  with 
  the 
  involucels 
  many- 
  

   leaved. 
  Petals 
  white, 
  inversely 
  heart-shaped, 
  the 
  outer 
  ones 
  

   usually 
  2-cleft 
  and 
  larger. 
  Calyx 
  with 
  5 
  small 
  teeth. 
  Fruit 
  

   tipped 
  with 
  a 
  thick, 
  conical 
  enlargement 
  of 
  the 
  style, 
  with 
  

   three 
  blunt 
  ribs 
  on 
  the 
  outer 
  surface 
  of 
  each 
  carpel 
  and 
  a 
  large 
  

   oil 
  tube 
  in 
  each 
  interval 
  between 
  the 
  ribs. 
  Seeds 
  flat. 
  

  

  1. 
  H. 
  lanatum 
  Michx. 
  Cow 
  PARSNIP. 
  Stem 
  grooved 
  and 
  woolly, 
  

   4-8 
  ft. 
  high. 
  Leaflets 
  petioled, 
  broad, 
  deeply 
  and 
  irregularly 
  toothed. 
  

  

  XI. 
  DAUCUS 
  L. 
  

  

  Annual 
  or 
  biennial, 
  bristly-hairy 
  herbs. 
  Leaves 
  pinnately 
  

   twice 
  or 
  more 
  compound, 
  the 
  divisions 
  slender. 
  Umbels 
  com- 
  

   pound, 
  many-rayed. 
  Flowers 
  small, 
  white. 
  Calyx 
  teeth 
  slen- 
  

   der 
  or 
  wanting. 
  Petals 
  notched, 
  the 
  point 
  bent 
  inward, 
  often 
  

   unequal. 
  Fruit 
  ovoid 
  or 
  ellipsoid, 
  with 
  rows 
  of 
  spines. 
  

  

  1. 
  D. 
  Carota 
  L. 
  COMMON 
  CARROT. 
  Erect, 
  1-3 
  ft. 
  high, 
  with 
  a 
  

   conical, 
  fleshy, 
  orange-colored 
  root. 
  Lower 
  and 
  basal 
  leaves 
  2-3- 
  

   pinnate. 
  Central 
  flower 
  of 
  each 
  umbel 
  and 
  sometimes 
  of 
  each 
  um- 
  

   bellet 
  larger 
  and 
  very 
  dark 
  purple, 
  with 
  the 
  corolla 
  irregular. 
  Cul- 
  

   tivated 
  from 
  Europe 
  for 
  the 
  edible 
  roots 
  ; 
  also 
  introduced 
  in 
  pastures 
  

   and 
  meadows 
  and 
  along 
  roadsides 
  E. 
  

  

  74. 
  CORNACE^. 
  DOGWOOD 
  FAMILY 
  

  

  Shrubs 
  or 
  trees, 
  rarely 
  herbs. 
  Leaves 
  opposite 
  or 
  alternate, 
  

   without 
  stipules. 
  Flowers 
  small, 
  actinomorphic, 
  variously 
  

   clustered. 
  Limb 
  of 
  the 
  calyx 
  epigynous, 
  very 
  short. 
  Petals 
  

   4-5, 
  borne 
  on 
  the 
  margin 
  of 
  a 
  disk 
  on 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  ovary. 
  

   Stamens 
  4-5, 
  inserted 
  with 
  the 
  petals. 
  Ovary 
  1-4-celled, 
  with 
  

   one 
  ovule 
  in 
  each 
  cell 
  ; 
  style 
  1. 
  Fruit 
  (in 
  our 
  species) 
  a 
  1-2- 
  

   celled 
  and 
  1-2-seeded 
  drupe. 
  

  

  