﻿SPECIAL 
  FUNCTIONS 
  AND 
  FORMS 
  OF 
  STEMS 
  91 
  

  

  87. 
  Budding 
  and 
  grafting. 
  The 
  process 
  of 
  budding 
  consists 
  

   of 
  detaching 
  an 
  uninjured 
  bud 
  from 
  the 
  stem 
  of 
  one 
  plant 
  and 
  

   inserting 
  it 
  under 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  the 
  stem 
  of 
  another 
  plant 
  

   (fig. 
  74). 
  Peaches 
  and 
  cherries 
  are 
  familiar 
  examples 
  of 
  trees 
  

   commonly 
  propagated 
  by 
  budding. 
  The 
  operation 
  should 
  be 
  

   performed 
  at 
  a 
  season 
  when 
  the 
  cambium 
  layer 
  is 
  active, 
  so 
  

   that 
  the 
  transplanted 
  bud 
  will 
  at 
  once 
  unite 
  with 
  the 
  wood 
  of 
  

  

  A 
  B 
  

  

  FIG. 
  74. 
  Propagation 
  by 
  budding 
  

  

  A, 
  a 
  bud 
  cut 
  from 
  a 
  tree 
  of 
  the 
  desired 
  variety, 
  with 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  the 
  underlying 
  

  

  bark 
  ; 
  B, 
  the 
  bud 
  inserted 
  in 
  a 
  T-shaped 
  slit 
  in 
  the 
  bark 
  of 
  the 
  stock 
  ; 
  C, 
  the 
  same 
  

  

  with 
  the 
  bark 
  bound 
  in 
  place 
  by 
  strips 
  of 
  raffia 
  (a 
  fibrous 
  material 
  obtained 
  from 
  

  

  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  raffia 
  palm). 
  Modified 
  after 
  Percival 
  

  

  the 
  stem 
  into 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  set. 
  In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  peaches, 
  the 
  young 
  

   seedling 
  trees 
  grown 
  from 
  seeds 
  planted 
  the 
  same 
  spring 
  are 
  

   budded 
  in 
  June 
  or 
  September. 
  Those 
  budded 
  late 
  do 
  not 
  grow 
  

   much 
  until 
  the 
  next 
  season, 
  but 
  then 
  make 
  rapid 
  progress. 
  As 
  

   the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  seedling 
  is 
  cut 
  off 
  not 
  far 
  above 
  the 
  bud, 
  all 
  

   further 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  shoot 
  partakes 
  of 
  the 
  quality 
  of 
  the 
  bud, 
  

   and 
  the 
  fruit 
  borne 
  by 
  the 
  tree, 
  when 
  it 
  is 
  large 
  enough 
  to 
  

   bear, 
  will 
  be 
  of 
  the 
  kind 
  that 
  is 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  tree 
  from 
  

   which 
  the 
  bud 
  was 
  taken. 
  

  

  Grafting 
  is 
  removing 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  stem, 
  with 
  its 
  buds, 
  from 
  

   one 
  plant 
  and 
  inserting 
  it 
  into 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  stem 
  of 
  another 
  

  

  