﻿92 
  

  

  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  living 
  plant 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  cambium 
  layer 
  of 
  each 
  will 
  be 
  in 
  con- 
  

   tact 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  (fig. 
  75). 
  The 
  plant 
  into 
  which 
  

   the 
  stem 
  is 
  inserted 
  is 
  called 
  the 
  stork, 
  and 
  the 
  portion 
  of 
  

   shoot 
  which 
  is 
  set 
  into 
  the 
  stock 
  is 
  called 
  the 
  scion, 
  or 
  graft. 
  

   There 
  are 
  many 
  kinds 
  of 
  woody 
  plants 
  which 
  may 
  readily 
  be 
  

  

  grafted, 
  but 
  the 
  process 
  is 
  of 
  practical 
  im- 
  

   portance 
  mainly 
  for 
  the 
  grower 
  of 
  apples 
  

   and 
  pears. 
  Various 
  plans 
  are 
  adopted 
  in 
  

   different 
  fruit-growing 
  regions. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  

   commonest 
  methods 
  for 
  the 
  propagation 
  of 
  

   apples 
  is 
  root 
  graft 
  in;/. 
  Seedling 
  trees 
  a 
  year 
  

   old 
  are 
  dug 
  in 
  the 
  autumn 
  and 
  the 
  roots 
  

   grafted 
  with 
  one-year-old 
  scions 
  of 
  desired 
  

   varieties 
  of 
  apple 
  trees, 
  each 
  cut 
  to 
  the 
  

   length 
  of 
  about 
  six 
  inches. 
  The 
  grafted 
  

   roots, 
  wound 
  about 
  the 
  joined 
  surfaces 
  with 
  

   \\axed 
  cord, 
  are 
  packed 
  in 
  sand 
  in 
  a 
  cool 
  

   and 
  not 
  too 
  dry 
  cellar 
  and 
  left 
  until 
  spring. 
  

   By 
  that 
  time 
  the 
  cambium 
  layers 
  of 
  root 
  

   and 
  scion 
  have 
  united 
  and 
  the 
  roots 
  are 
  

   ready 
  to 
  plant. 
  T<>tt</ui' 
  </t'<ift/>i</ 
  is 
  practiced 
  

   in 
  the 
  spring 
  either 
  with 
  young 
  seedlings 
  

   or 
  with 
  twigs 
  of 
  larger 
  trees 
  (fig. 
  75). 
  Top 
  

   i/rnfffiiif 
  consists 
  in 
  cutting 
  off 
  limbs 
  one 
  or 
  

   two 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter, 
  splitting 
  for 
  a 
  short 
  

   distance 
  the 
  portion 
  remaining 
  attached 
  to 
  

   the 
  tree, 
  and 
  inserting 
  at 
  each 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   split, 
  where 
  it 
  crosses 
  the 
  cut 
  surface, 
  a 
  

   small 
  scion, 
  and 
  then 
  completely 
  covering 
  

   all 
  exposed 
  parts 
  with 
  grafting 
  wax. 
  Root 
  grafting 
  has 
  the 
  

   advantage 
  of 
  resulting 
  in 
  a 
  tree 
  with 
  trunk 
  and 
  1 
  tranches 
  

   wholly 
  of 
  the 
  desired 
  variety 
  of 
  apple. 
  Tongue 
  grafting 
  of 
  

   small 
  branches 
  does 
  not 
  interrupt 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  tree 
  and 
  

   is 
  done 
  with 
  very 
  little 
  trouble. 
  Top 
  grafting 
  is 
  mainly 
  

   resorted 
  to 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  renew 
  old 
  trees 
  that 
  are 
  not 
  bearing 
  

   the 
  desired 
  variety 
  of 
  apple. 
  

  

  FIG. 
  75. 
  ( 
  J 
  raft 
  in- 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  left, 
  scion 
  and 
  

   stuck 
  are 
  shown 
  ready 
  

   to 
  he 
  united; 
  at 
  the 
  

   rijilit, 
  they 
  are 
  joined 
  

   and 
  ready 
  to 
  he 
  cov- 
  

   ered 
  with 
  -raftin- 
  

   wax. 
  After 
  I'ercival 
  

  

  