﻿102 
  

  

  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  poplars 
  and 
  the 
  horse-chestnut, 
  they 
  are 
  cemented 
  

   together 
  by 
  a 
  resinous 
  varnish. 
  These 
  coatings 
  of 
  some- 
  

   what 
  cold-proof 
  and 
  water-proof 
  materials 
  .j 
  increase 
  the 
  

   value 
  of 
  the 
  scales 
  as 
  a 
  protection 
  f) 
  w*^ 
  against 
  sud- 
  

  

  'iWjs/^ 
  

  

  den 
  changes 
  in 
  the 
  weather 
  during 
  the 
  /af^i 
  Bolder 
  months. 
  

  

  In 
  mixed 
  buds 
  the 
  flowers 
  are 
  /r 
  usually 
  inclosed 
  

  

  by 
  the 
  leaves 
  and 
  develop 
  first 
  /y^a 
  (fig- 
  84, 
  7-'). 
  

  

  95. 
  Opening 
  of 
  buds. 
  Long 
  

  

  are 
  ready 
  to 
  open 
  they 
  nsu- 
  

   this 
  increase 
  in 
  size 
  may 
  

  

  before 
  winter 
  buds 
  

   ally 
  begin 
  to 
  swell, 
  and 
  

   continue 
  through 
  several 
  

   months. 
  The 
  actual 
  opening 
  

   soi 
  i 
  ict 
  i 
  i 
  nes 
  goes 
  on 
  rather 
  rap- 
  

   idly, 
  the 
  scales 
  being 
  shed 
  in 
  

   such 
  numbers 
  as 
  almost 
  to 
  

   carpet 
  the 
  ground, 
  as 
  they 
  do, 
  

   for 
  example, 
  in 
  beech 
  woods. 
  

   The 
  rudimentary 
  flowers 
  are 
  

   generally 
  much 
  more 
  sensi- 
  

   tive 
  to 
  cold 
  than 
  the 
  young 
  

   leaves 
  are, 
  as 
  every 
  fruit 
  

   grower 
  knows. 
  Flower 
  buds 
  

   are 
  not 
  so 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  injured 
  

   by 
  continued 
  cold 
  weather 
  

   as 
  by 
  severe 
  frosts 
  coming 
  

   after 
  the 
  buds 
  are 
  partially 
  

   open. 
  On 
  this 
  account 
  the 
  

   growing 
  of 
  fruits 
  which 
  are 
  

   not 
  very 
  hardy 
  (such 
  as 
  the 
  

   peach') 
  is 
  safest 
  in 
  those 
  parts 
  

   of 
  the 
  Noil 
  hern 
  states 
  where 
  

   the 
  spring 
  comes 
  on 
  late 
  and 
  

   witho.it 
  interruptions. 
  Parts 
  

   of 
  the 
  eastern 
  shore 
  of 
  Lake 
  

   Michigan 
  are 
  for 
  this 
  reason 
  

   well 
  adapted 
  to 
  peach 
  growing. 
  Damage 
  to 
  buds 
  often 
  comes 
  

   rat 
  her 
  f 
  r< 
  nn 
  sudden 
  changes 
  than 
  from 
  extremely 
  low 
  temperatures. 
  

  

  FKI. 
  88. 
  Rapidly 
  grown 
  twins 
  of 
  horse- 
  

   chestnut 
  in 
  winter 
  condition 
  

  

  6. 
  sc, 
  bud-scale 
  scars; 
  i 
  l 
  , 
  I.,, 
  / 
  ;! 
  . 
  internodes; 
  

   /. 
  lateral 
  buds: 
  I, 
  terminal 
  Imds: 
  *c, 
  leaf 
  

   scars. 
  The 
  portion 
  /',-';( 
  al 
  d 
  the 
  large 
  

   terminal 
  lind 
  <jrr\v 
  during 
  the 
  preceding 
  

   sprini: 
  and 
  summer. 
  The 
  opposite 
  lateral 
  

   t 
  \\ijjs 
  arc 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  a^c 
  as 
  the 
  portion 
  

   h~is- 
  One 
  third 
  natural 
  si/.e 
  

  

  