﻿126 
  

  

  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  HOT 
  ANY 
  

  

  - 
  - 
  - 
  sep 
  

  

  FIG. 
  102. 
  

  

  live-forever 
  (Sedum) 
  

  

  A, 
  entire 
  (lower, 
  li, 
  lengthwise 
  section 
  ; 
  carp, 
  

   carpels: 
  xttnn, 
  stamens; 
  pet, 
  petals; 
  KCJ>, 
  sepals. 
  

   An 
  excellent 
  example 
  of 
  a 
  flower 
  in 
  which 
  tin- 
  

   parts 
  of 
  each 
  circle 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  number 
  and 
  

   all 
  separate. 
  Somewhat 
  enlarged. 
  After 
  Schimpcr 
  

  

  115. 
  What 
  is 
  a 
  flower 
  ? 
  A 
  hasty 
  examination 
  of 
  an 
  ordinary 
  

   flower 
  does 
  not 
  give 
  much 
  evidence 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  relation 
  which 
  its 
  

   organs 
  bear 
  to 
  the 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  already 
  studied 
  ; 
  that 
  is, 
  

  

  to 
  the 
  root, 
  the 
  stem, 
  

  

  P$ 
  and 
  the 
  leaf. 
  There 
  

  

  , 
  is, 
  however, 
  plenty 
  of 
  

  

  evidence 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  

   the 
  flower 
  is 
  a 
  mn>-li- 
  

   shortened 
  and 
  otli> 
  r- 
  

   U'ise 
  modified 
  I>r<ni<'li, 
  

   specialised 
  for 
  the 
  pro- 
  

   duction 
  of 
  seed. 
  The 
  

   floral 
  organs 
  therefore 
  

   correspond 
  to 
  leaves. 
  

   One 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  easily 
  

   understood 
  evidences 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  branch-like 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  flower 
  is 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  

   the 
  positions 
  of 
  the 
  flower 
  buds 
  on 
  the 
  branch 
  are- 
  similar 
  to 
  

   those 
  of 
  leaf 
  buds; 
  that 
  is, 
  they 
  are 
  usually 
  either 
  axillary 
  or 
  

   terminal. 
  Moreover, 
  in 
  its 
  earliest 
  

   stages 
  a 
  flower 
  bud 
  is 
  developed 
  

   much 
  as 
  a 
  leaf 
  bud 
  is. 
  

  

  116. 
  The 
  arrangement 
  of 
  the 
  

   organs 
  of 
  the 
  flower. 
  The 
  floral 
  

   organs 
  spring 
  from 
  the 
  receptacle, 
  

   an 
  expanded 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  flower 
  

   stalk. 
  Sometimes, 
  as 
  in 
  figure 
  102, 
  

   the 
  receptacle 
  is 
  but 
  little 
  enlarged 
  ; 
  

   sometimes, 
  as 
  in 
  figure 
  103, 
  it 
  is 
  

   much 
  enlarged 
  ; 
  often 
  it 
  iseomi-x 
  

   or 
  concave. 
  Usually 
  in 
  dicotyle- 
  

   dons 
  the 
  floral 
  organs 
  are 
  arranged 
  

  

  in 
  whorls, 
  or 
  cycles 
  (that 
  is, 
  in 
  circular 
  fashion), 
  on 
  the 
  recep- 
  

   tacle, 
  but 
  sometimes 
  part 
  or 
  all 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  in 
  spirals. 
  In 
  case 
  

   there 
  is 
  the 
  same 
  number 
  of 
  parts 
  in 
  each 
  cycle, 
  each 
  part 
  

   commonly 
  stands 
  opposite 
  a 
  space 
  between 
  two 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  sen 
  

  

  rec 
  

  

  FIG. 
  103. 
  Lengthwise 
  section 
  

   of 
  flower 
  of 
  a 
  buttercup 
  

  

  carp, 
  carpels; 
  pet, 
  petal; 
  .xv/i, 
  

   sepal 
  ; 
  rec, 
  large 
  convex 
  recep- 
  

   tacle 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  numerous 
  

   carpels 
  are 
  borne. 
  Somewhat 
  

   enlarged. 
  After 
  Baillon 
  

  

  