﻿128 
  

  

  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  FIG. 
  100. 
  Bilater- 
  

   ally 
  symmctrim! 
  

   of 
  a 
  violet 
  

  

  After 
  H. 
  Miiller 
  

  

  flowers. 
  A 
  flower 
  which 
  has 
  stamens 
  only 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  stam- 
  

   inate, 
  and 
  one 
  which 
  has 
  pistils 
  only 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  j>ixfil/>it<-. 
  

  

  118. 
  The 
  perianth. 
  In 
  most 
  flowers 
  of 
  dicotyledons 
  the 
  

   calyx 
  and 
  the 
  corolla 
  are 
  quite 
  unlike 
  in 
  color 
  and 
  texture, 
  

   as 
  they 
  are, 
  for 
  instance, 
  in 
  roses 
  and 
  pinks. 
  

   But 
  in 
  many 
  other 
  eases, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  (mono- 
  

   cotyledon 
  ous 
  ) 
  lilies, 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  sharp 
  distinc- 
  

   tion 
  in 
  appearance 
  between 
  sepals 
  and 
  petals. 
  

   This 
  fact 
  makes 
  it 
  convenient 
  to 
  have 
  a 
  single 
  

   name 
  for 
  calyx 
  and 
  corolla 
  taken 
  together, 
  

   and 
  the 
  word 
  perianth 
  is 
  used 
  to 
  include 
  

   both 
  sets 
  of 
  organs. 
  

  

  When 
  the 
  calyx 
  is 
  composed 
  of 
  separate 
  

   sepals, 
  and 
  the 
  corolla 
  of 
  separate 
  petals, 
  

   these 
  parts 
  are 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  <//xt/n<-f, 
  and 
  the 
  flower 
  is 
  chorisepaloua 
  

   or 
  chori/H'tit/uu* 
  ( 
  figs. 
  102 
  and 
  108). 
  In 
  the 
  most 
  specialized 
  

   flowers, 
  both 
  of 
  mono- 
  

   cotyledons 
  and 
  of 
  di- 
  

   cotyledons, 
  the 
  calyx, 
  

   the 
  corolla, 
  or 
  both, 
  

   appear 
  as 
  if 
  grown 
  

   together 
  into 
  a 
  cup 
  

   or 
  tube 
  (figs. 
  101 
  and 
  

   128). 
  This 
  condition 
  

   arises 
  from 
  the 
  fact 
  

   that 
  the 
  floral 
  envel- 
  

   opes 
  did 
  not 
  originate 
  

   in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  separate 
  

   sepals 
  or 
  petals 
  on 
  the 
  

   surface 
  of 
  the 
  recep- 
  

   tacle, 
  but 
  as 
  /ones 
  of 
  

   tissue 
  which 
  developed 
  into 
  a 
  tubular 
  or 
  cup-shaped 
  perianth. 
  

   In 
  this 
  case 
  the 
  flower 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  xj/>ix,'j>,t/<>t<i<i 
  or 
  si/i/i/H'ln/mix. 
  

   Sometimes 
  the 
  receptacle 
  itself 
  may 
  be 
  tubular 
  or 
  basin-shaped 
  

   and 
  bear 
  the 
  perianth 
  on 
  its 
  rim. 
  (ienerally 
  teeth 
  or 
  lobes 
  of 
  

   the 
  calyx 
  or 
  corolla 
  show 
  of 
  how 
  many 
  parts 
  it 
  is 
  composed. 
  

  

  FIG. 
  107. 
  Various 
  types 
  of 
  anther 
  

  

  A, 
  iris, 
  discharging 
  pollen 
  liy 
  a 
  longitudinal 
  slit; 
  

   5, 
  barberry, 
  discharging 
  pollen 
  by 
  uplifted 
  valves; 
  

   <'. 
  nightshade. 
  l>, 
  bilberry, 
  both 
  disehanjini; 
  pol- 
  

   len 
  throimh 
  holes 
  or 
  pores 
  at 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  anther. 
  

   A, 
  H, 
  >', 
  after 
  I'.aillon; 
  H, 
  after 
  Kernel- 
  

  

  