﻿CHAPTER 
  XI 
  

   FRUITS; 
  SEEDS 
  AND 
  SEEDLINGS; 
  SEED 
  DISTRIBUTION 
  

  

  146. 
  Origin 
  of 
  the 
  fruit. 
  As 
  already 
  suggested 
  (sect. 
  127), 
  

   the 
  ovary, 
  after 
  fertilization, 
  enlarges 
  and 
  develops 
  into 
  some 
  

   kind 
  ii 
  f 
  seed-containing 
  structure. 
  An 
  apple, 
  a 
  bean 
  pod, 
  and 
  

   a 
  tomato 
  are 
  good 
  examples 
  of 
  matured 
  ovaries 
  (with 
  or 
  with- 
  

   out 
  I 
  lie 
  addition 
  of 
  other 
  parts) 
  serving 
  to 
  contain 
  the 
  seeds, 
  

   and 
  each 
  is 
  botanically 
  termed 
  a 
  fruit. 
  Must 
  of 
  the 
  fleshy 
  

   portion 
  of 
  the 
  apple 
  is 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  enlarged 
  receptacle 
  

   and 
  calyx, 
  though 
  a 
  little 
  of 
  it 
  about 
  the 
  core 
  comes 
  from 
  

   thickening 
  of 
  the 
  walls 
  of 
  the 
  carpels. 
  The 
  papery 
  chambers 
  

   of 
  the 
  core, 
  with 
  the 
  contained 
  seeds, 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  

   portion 
  of 
  the 
  apple 
  for 
  reproduction 
  ; 
  that 
  is, 
  for 
  growing 
  new 
  

   applc 
  trees. 
  A 
  ripe 
  bean 
  pod 
  with 
  its 
  seeds 
  is 
  a 
  dry 
  fruit 
  

   resulting 
  from 
  the 
  maturing 
  of 
  a 
  one-loeuled 
  ovary 
  and 
  its 
  

   contents; 
  a 
  ripe 
  tomato 
  is 
  a 
  fleshy 
  fruit 
  resulting 
  from 
  the 
  

   maturing 
  and 
  extensive 
  thickening 
  of 
  a 
  two-to-several-loculed 
  

   ovary 
  anil 
  its 
  contents. 
  

  

  147. 
  Kinds 
  of 
  fruits. 
  The 
  various 
  types 
  of 
  fruits 
  have 
  been 
  

   carefully 
  classed 
  for 
  purposes 
  of 
  scientific 
  study 
  and 
  descrip- 
  

   tion, 
  but 
  in 
  an 
  elementary 
  book 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  worth 
  while 
  to 
  give 
  

   much 
  space 
  to 
  an 
  account 
  of 
  these 
  classes. 
  1 
  The 
  fruits 
  most 
  

   important 
  for 
  human 
  food 
  are 
  the 
  </ni/ns-- 
  dry 
  fruits 
  with 
  the 
  

   ovary 
  wall 
  so 
  closely 
  adherent 
  to 
  the 
  seed 
  that 
  the 
  whole 
  is 
  

   usually 
  taken 
  for 
  a 
  seed. 
  Nut*, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  beechnut, 
  hazel- 
  

   nut, 
  chestnut, 
  and 
  acorn, 
  are 
  hard, 
  dry, 
  one-seeded 
  fruits, 
  

   most, 
  of 
  them 
  larger 
  than 
  grains 
  and 
  resulting 
  from 
  the 
  ripen- 
  

   ing 
  of 
  a 
  several-loculed 
  ovary 
  only 
  one 
  chamber 
  of 
  which 
  

  

  1 
  Sonic 
  of 
  the 
  principal 
  types 
  of 
  ('mils 
  are 
  admirably 
  described 
  in 
  Gray, 
  

   Structural 
  Botany. 
  American 
  Book 
  Company, 
  New 
  York. 
  

  

  156 
  

  

  