﻿188 
  

  

  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  the 
  first 
  successful 
  investigator 
  of 
  the 
  mode 
  of 
  inheritance 
  in 
  

   hybrids, 
  was 
  an 
  Austrian 
  monk, 
  who 
  carried 
  on 
  his 
  researches 
  

   in 
  his 
  monastery 
  garden 
  for 
  eight 
  years 
  and 
  published 
  his 
  

   results 
  in 
  1865. 
  His 
  discovery 
  was 
  little 
  noticed 
  for 
  about 
  

   thirty-five 
  years, 
  when 
  it 
  quickly 
  became 
  generally 
  known 
  

   to 
  biologists 
  every 
  where. 
  Mendel's 
  law 
  is 
  not 
  quite 
  simple 
  

   enough 
  to 
  be 
  stated 
  and 
  illustrated 
  in 
  an 
  elementary 
  botany 
  

   for 
  secondary 
  schools. 
  1 
  

  

  177. 
  How 
  hybrids 
  are 
  artificially 
  produced. 
  Hybridizing, 
  or 
  

   crossing, 
  plants, 
  is 
  sometimes 
  an 
  easy, 
  sometimes 
  a 
  rather 
  diffi- 
  

   cult, 
  process. 
  It 
  is 
  simplest 
  in 
  unisexual 
  flowers 
  --for 
  exam- 
  

   ple, 
  in 
  those 
  of 
  Indian 
  corn. 
  Here 
  the 
  tassel 
  (fig. 
  126) 
  is 
  a 
  

  

  FIG. 
  161. 
  A 
  few 
  of 
  the 
  many 
  leaf 
  forms 
  of 
  different 
  hybrids 
  between 
  the 
  

  

  blackberry 
  and 
  the 
  raspberry 
  

  

  Modified 
  after 
  photograph 
  by 
  Burbank 
  

  

  cluster 
  of 
  spikes 
  of 
  staminate 
  flowers, 
  and 
  the 
  ear 
  (fig. 
  127) 
  

   is 
  a 
  spike 
  of 
  pistillate 
  flowers, 
  each 
  thread 
  of 
  the 
  silk 
  repre- 
  

   senting 
  a 
  stigma 
  and 
  style 
  attached 
  to 
  an 
  ovary 
  (grain 
  of 
  

   corn). 
  In 
  hybridi/ing 
  corn 
  it 
  is 
  only 
  necessary 
  to 
  tie 
  a 
  paper 
  

   bag 
  over 
  the 
  ear 
  before 
  the 
  silk 
  appears, 
  in 
  order, 
  to 
  keep 
  off 
  

   stray 
  pollen, 
  and 
  leave 
  it 
  covered 
  until 
  full-grown, 
  then 
  re- 
  

   move 
  the 
  bag, 
  dust 
  the 
  silk 
  thoroughly 
  with 
  pollen 
  from 
  

   tassels 
  of 
  the 
  desired 
  crossing 
  variety 
  of 
  corn, 
  and 
  thereafter 
  

   keep 
  the 
  ear 
  covered 
  until 
  the 
  silk 
  is 
  cut 
  irely 
  withered. 
  Some- 
  

   times 
  in 
  hybridizing 
  corn 
  the 
  stalks 
  are 
  detasseled 
  just 
  before 
  

   the 
  ears 
  are 
  ready 
  to 
  receive 
  pollen. 
  II 
  all 
  the 
  stalks 
  of 
  one 
  

  

  1 
  See 
  R. 
  C. 
  Punnett, 
  Mendelism, 
  The 
  Marmillan 
  Company, 
  New 
  York. 
  

   Also 
  L. 
  II. 
  Bailey, 
  riant-Breeding, 
  The 
  Macmillan 
  Company, 
  New 
  York. 
  

  

  