﻿HOW 
  PLANTS 
  ABE 
  CLASSIFIED 
  197 
  

  

  184. 
  Divisions 
  upon 
  bases 
  other 
  than 
  structure. 
  As 
  already 
  

   suggested 
  (section 
  181), 
  plants 
  may 
  be 
  grouped 
  upon 
  the 
  basis 
  

   of 
  their 
  place 
  of 
  living 
  or 
  mode 
  of 
  life. 
  Also, 
  sub-divisions 
  of 
  

   the 
  study 
  of 
  plants 
  may 
  be 
  designated 
  by 
  the 
  particular 
  point 
  

   of 
  view 
  that 
  is 
  kept 
  in 
  mind 
  in 
  pursuing 
  the 
  study. 
  The 
  study 
  

   of 
  the 
  classification 
  of 
  plants 
  into 
  their 
  proper 
  groups 
  and 
  the 
  

   determination 
  of 
  their 
  proper 
  generic 
  and 
  specific 
  names 
  is 
  

   called 
  taxonomy, 
  or 
  systematic 
  botany. 
  When 
  emphasis 
  is 
  placed 
  

   upon 
  a 
  comparative 
  study 
  of 
  plant 
  organs 
  and 
  their 
  relation- 
  

   ships, 
  the 
  study 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  plant 
  morphology. 
  Special 
  study 
  

   of 
  the 
  cell 
  is 
  cytology. 
  Plant 
  activities 
  or 
  work 
  and 
  their 
  rela- 
  

   tions 
  to 
  the 
  immediate 
  surroundings 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  are 
  included 
  

   in 
  physiology, 
  while 
  the 
  relationships 
  of 
  plants 
  to 
  one 
  another 
  

   and 
  to 
  the 
  environment 
  in 
  general 
  is 
  ecology. 
  One 
  phase 
  of 
  

   ecology 
  deals 
  with 
  the 
  distribution 
  of 
  plants 
  over 
  the 
  earth 
  

   and 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  ecological 
  plant 
  geography. 
  The 
  study 
  of 
  plant 
  

   diseases 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  phytopathology, 
  or 
  plant 
  pathology. 
  A 
  

   study 
  of 
  the 
  bacteria 
  constitutes 
  bacteriology. 
  A 
  consideration 
  

   of 
  the 
  useful 
  or 
  harmful 
  aspects 
  of 
  plants 
  is 
  included 
  under 
  

   the 
  general 
  term 
  economic 
  botany, 
  and 
  under 
  this 
  head 
  there 
  

   are 
  such 
  sub-divisions 
  as 
  agricultural 
  botany 
  and 
  horticultural 
  

   botany. 
  These 
  are 
  but 
  the 
  leading 
  aspects 
  under 
  which 
  plants 
  

   may 
  be 
  studied. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  evident 
  that 
  these 
  divisions 
  have 
  no 
  sharply 
  marked 
  

   lines 
  between 
  them, 
  and 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  all 
  made 
  upon 
  the 
  

   same 
  basis. 
  For 
  example, 
  we 
  might 
  study 
  the 
  bacteria 
  with 
  

   reference 
  to 
  their 
  structure, 
  which 
  would 
  be 
  morphology 
  ; 
  or 
  

   in 
  their 
  relation 
  to 
  disease, 
  which 
  would 
  be 
  pathology 
  ; 
  or 
  in 
  

   their 
  relation 
  to 
  farm 
  and 
  garden 
  crops, 
  which 
  would 
  be 
  

   economic 
  botany. 
  

  

  185. 
  Names 
  necessary 
  as 
  labels. 
  In 
  the 
  following 
  chapters 
  

   we 
  shall 
  study 
  a 
  few 
  representatives 
  of 
  the 
  leading 
  great 
  

   groups 
  of 
  plants. 
  It 
  is 
  necessary 
  to 
  have 
  specific 
  names 
  for 
  

   the 
  plants 
  that 
  are 
  used 
  as 
  illustrations 
  of 
  these 
  groups, 
  for 
  

   sometimes 
  the 
  plants 
  used 
  do 
  not 
  have 
  common 
  names, 
  and 
  

   sometimes 
  the 
  common 
  names, 
  when 
  used, 
  are 
  applied 
  to 
  two 
  

  

  