﻿FUNGI 
  AND 
  FUNGOUS 
  DISEASES 
  OF 
  PLANTS 
  243 
  

  

  structures 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  (fig. 
  188). 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  damage 
  is 
  done 
  

   to 
  the 
  fruit 
  before 
  any 
  of 
  these 
  cups 
  appear 
  ; 
  indeed, 
  the 
  fruit 
  

   is 
  worthless 
  before 
  the 
  parasite 
  has 
  matured. 
  Spores 
  are 
  dis- 
  

   tributed 
  from 
  the 
  cups 
  and 
  new 
  infection 
  of 
  fruit 
  occurs, 
  and 
  

   thus 
  the 
  destruction 
  is 
  continued. 
  The 
  spores 
  are 
  formed 
  

   within 
  the 
  tissues 
  of 
  the 
  cup 
  in 
  the 
  enlarged 
  ends 
  of 
  hyphte, 
  

   and 
  these 
  enlarged 
  spore-forming 
  tips 
  of 
  the 
  hyphee 
  are 
  the 
  

   sacs 
  from 
  which 
  the 
  group 
  name 
  sac 
  fungi 
  is 
  derived. 
  The 
  

   sac 
  is 
  called 
  the 
  ascus 
  (sac), 
  and 
  the 
  group 
  of 
  plants 
  is 
  called 
  

   the 
  Ascomycetes 
  (sac 
  fungi). 
  

   Brown 
  rot 
  seems 
  to 
  attack 
  

   all 
  kinds 
  of 
  stone 
  fruits, 
  and 
  

   the 
  total 
  amount 
  of 
  damage 
  

   done 
  by 
  it 
  is 
  enormous. 
  In 
  

   1887 
  it 
  was 
  reported 
  that 
  

   the 
  disease 
  had 
  caused 
  a 
  

   shortage 
  of 
  800,000 
  baskets 
  

   in 
  the 
  peach 
  crop 
  of 
  Mary- 
  

   land 
  and 
  Delaware 
  for 
  that 
  

   year. 
  In 
  1900 
  Georgia 
  lost 
  

   about 
  40 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  its 
  peach 
  

   crop 
  a 
  money 
  loss 
  of 
  between 
  

   $500,000 
  and 
  $700,000.! 
  

  

  The 
  disease 
  may 
  be 
  checked 
  by 
  destroying 
  the 
  infected 
  fruits 
  

   and 
  twigs. 
  Spores 
  are 
  so 
  generally 
  distributed 
  that 
  spraying 
  is 
  

   also 
  necessary. 
  Different 
  sprays 
  have 
  been 
  used, 
  but 
  with 
  such 
  

   varying 
  success 
  that 
  the 
  advice 
  of 
  local 
  experiment 
  stations 
  

   should 
  be 
  sought 
  for 
  the 
  special 
  needs 
  in 
  each 
  state. 
  

  

  231. 
  The 
  morel. 
  Another 
  representative 
  of 
  the 
  sac 
  fungi 
  

   is 
  the 
  morel 
  mushroom 
  (Morcliella) 
  (fig. 
  189). 
  Its 
  mycelium 
  

   grows 
  in 
  earth 
  that 
  is 
  very 
  rich 
  with 
  decaying 
  organic 
  matter. 
  

   It 
  is 
  usually 
  found 
  in 
  woods, 
  among 
  the 
  leaves 
  and 
  about 
  old 
  

   logs 
  and 
  stumps. 
  The 
  mushroom 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  part 
  usually 
  

   noticed, 
  and 
  under 
  favorable 
  conditions 
  of 
  moisture 
  and 
  

  

  FIG. 
  189. 
  A 
  group 
  of 
  morel 
  mushrooms 
  

  

  1 
  "The 
  Brown 
  Rot 
  of 
  Peaches, 
  Plums, 
  and 
  Other 
  Fruits," 
  Bulletin 
  50, 
  

   Georgia 
  Agr. 
  Exp. 
  Sta., 
  1900. 
  

  

  