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  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  all 
  temperate 
  regions, 
  have 
  been 
  and 
  are 
  still 
  extensively 
  

   used. 
  Hut 
  selection 
  and 
  improvement 
  from 
  these 
  wild 
  ances- 
  

   tors 
  have 
  given 
  us 
  varieties 
  greatly 
  superior 
  to 
  the 
  wild 
  types. 
  

   Even 
  to-day, 
  however, 
  there 
  are 
  many 
  people 
  who 
  plant 
  fruit 
  

  

  trees 
  and 
  act 
  as 
  if 
  they 
  

   believed 
  that 
  the 
  tree 
  

   should 
  live 
  and 
  pro- 
  

   duce 
  as 
  an 
  essentially 
  

   wild 
  plant. 
  The 
  plants 
  

   which 
  are 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  

   horticulture 
  have 
  many 
  

   things 
  in 
  common 
  with 
  

   all 
  other 
  plant 
  life. 
  

   They 
  must 
  have 
  suit- 
  

   able 
  soil 
  and 
  moisture, 
  

   proper 
  exposure 
  to 
  the 
  

   light, 
  freedom 
  from 
  de- 
  

   structive 
  enemies, 
  and 
  

   proper 
  cultivation, 
  else 
  

   they 
  cannot 
  manufac- 
  

   ture 
  their 
  own 
  food 
  

   material 
  and 
  the 
  fruit 
  

   which 
  men 
  want 
  to 
  

   produce. 
  Most 
  of 
  the 
  

   soil 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  

   States 
  is 
  good 
  for 
  hor- 
  

   ticulture 
  if 
  men 
  will 
  

   do 
  the 
  things 
  necessary 
  

   for 
  proper 
  production 
  

   of 
  fruit. 
  Distant 
  re- 
  

  

  KK;. 
  235. 
  An 
  old 
  grafted 
  apple 
  tree 
  

  

  Tliis 
  illustrates 
  an 
  old 
  and 
  wcH-niirli 
  discarded 
  

   method 
  of 
  stem 
  grafting. 
  The 
  stock 
  is 
  much 
  

   larger 
  than 
  the 
  scion, 
  OWJIILJ 
  possibly 
  to 
  imper- 
  

   fect 
  union 
  of 
  tissues 
  and 
  possibly 
  to 
  difference 
  

   in 
  normal 
  rate 
  of 
  stem 
  thickening. 
  The 
  absence 
  

   of 
  proper 
  care 
  in 
  pruning 
  this 
  tree 
  is 
  a 
  feature 
  

   too 
  often 
  seen 
  

  

  gions 
  may 
  for 
  a 
  time 
  

   seem 
  attractive 
  to 
  fruit 
  growers, 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  their 
  freedom 
  

   from 
  diseases, 
  but 
  diseases 
  eventually 
  enter 
  even 
  these 
  distant 
  

   regions 
  and 
  affect 
  the 
  crop. 
  Migration 
  to 
  new 
  territory 
  is 
  not 
  

   nearly 
  so 
  important 
  in 
  fruit 
  growing 
  as 
  a 
  thorough 
  study 
  

   and 
  application 
  of 
  the 
  science 
  of 
  horticulture. 
  

  

  