﻿318 
  

  

  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  Pruning 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  to 
  increase 
  both 
  the 
  quality 
  and 
  the 
  

   quantity 
  of 
  fruit. 
  Sometimes 
  it 
  is 
  done 
  solely 
  for 
  increase 
  in 
  

   quality, 
  as 
  when 
  all 
  but 
  one 
  or 
  -two 
  buds 
  of 
  a 
  chrysanthemum 
  

   or 
  tomato 
  are 
  removed, 
  so 
  that 
  all 
  the 
  strength 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  

   is 
  thrown 
  into 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  specimens 
  of 
  

   great 
  size 
  and 
  beauty. 
  In 
  fruit 
  orchards 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  

   that 
  the 
  removal 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  or 
  surplus 
  branches 
  stimulates 
  the 
  

  

  production 
  of 
  flowers 
  

   and 
  fruit. 
  There 
  are 
  

  

  .,/ 
  many 
  orchards 
  of 
  good 
  

  

  > 
  K 
  \ 
  ' 
  i-i 
  

  

  vigorous 
  trees 
  winch 
  

  

  O 
  

  

  might 
  be 
  made 
  produc- 
  

   tive 
  simply 
  by 
  pruning 
  

   (see 
  figs. 
  236 
  and 
  237). 
  

   Pruning 
  properly 
  done 
  

   not 
  only 
  stimulates 
  the 
  

   production 
  of 
  fruit 
  but 
  

   also 
  helps 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  

   tree 
  in 
  such 
  form 
  that 
  

   the 
  load 
  of 
  fruit 
  will 
  

   be 
  supported 
  and 
  easily 
  

   gathered 
  when 
  mature. 
  

   In 
  pruning 
  dead 
  or 
  

   living 
  branches 
  care 
  

   should 
  be 
  taken 
  to 
  pre- 
  

   vent 
  the 
  entrance 
  of 
  

   organisms 
  that 
  induce 
  

   decay. 
  A 
  coating 
  of 
  

  

  FIG. 
  237. 
  A 
  well-pruned 
  peach 
  tree 
  just 
  

   past 
  the 
  flowering 
  period 
  

  

  Photograph 
  by 
  the 
  Michigan 
  Development 
  

   Company 
  

  

  paint 
  or 
  of 
  tar 
  upon 
  the 
  fresh 
  wound 
  usually 
  prevents 
  infec- 
  

   tion, 
  but 
  old 
  wounds 
  need 
  to 
  be 
  cleaned 
  out, 
  sterilized, 
  and 
  

   iil 
  led 
  with 
  cement. 
  

  

  Spraying 
  to 
  remove 
  or 
  prevent 
  disease 
  is 
  an 
  important 
  

   branch 
  of 
  horticulture; 
  fruit 
  and 
  berry 
  plants 
  are 
  subject 
  to 
  

   an 
  increasing 
  number 
  of 
  diseases, 
  both 
  plant 
  and 
  animal 
  in 
  

   their 
  nature. 
  The 
  subject 
  of 
  sprays 
  and 
  spraying 
  is 
  too 
  exten- 
  

   sive 
  for 
  discussion 
  here. 
  It 
  must 
  be 
  remembered, 
  however, 
  

  

  