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  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  Antipodal 
  (against 
  the 
  foot). 
  Applied 
  to 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  cells 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  

   of 
  the 
  embryo 
  sac 
  farthest 
  from 
  the 
  micropyle. 
  

  

  Apetalous. 
  Without 
  petals. 
  

  

  Apical. 
  At 
  the 
  apex 
  or 
  tip. 
  

  

  Apocarpous 
  (without 
  carpels). 
  Applied 
  to 
  flowers 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  car- 
  

   pels 
  are 
  entirely 
  free 
  from 
  one 
  another. 
  

  

  Appressed. 
  Lying 
  flat 
  throughout 
  its 
  length, 
  as 
  appressed 
  bracts. 
  

  

  Association. 
  An 
  ecological 
  unit 
  group 
  smaller 
  than 
  a 
  plant 
  forma- 
  

   tion, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  latter 
  is 
  sometimes 
  made 
  up. 
  

  

  Awl-shaped. 
  Narrow, 
  tapering 
  to 
  a 
  point, 
  as 
  awl-shaped 
  leaves. 
  

  

  Awned. 
  Having 
  bristle-like 
  appendages, 
  as 
  in 
  heads 
  of 
  many 
  kinds 
  

   of 
  wheat. 
  

  

  Basidium 
  (club); 
  pi. 
  basidia. 
  The 
  specialized 
  club-shaped 
  cells 
  on 
  

   which 
  the 
  spores 
  of 
  some 
  fungi 
  are 
  borne. 
  

  

  Bast. 
  The 
  phloem 
  portion 
  of 
  a 
  fibrovascular 
  bundle. 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  

   fibrous 
  (hard 
  bast), 
  or 
  composed 
  of 
  sieve 
  tubes 
  (soft 
  bast). 
  

  

  Bilabiate 
  (two-lipped). 
  Applied 
  to 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  corolla 
  in 
  certain 
  di- 
  

   cotyledonous 
  plants. 
  

  

  Bract 
  (a 
  thin 
  plate). 
  The 
  small, 
  scale-like, 
  modified 
  leaves 
  which 
  

   sometimes 
  are 
  found 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  flower 
  cluster. 
  

  

  Calyptra 
  (a 
  cover). 
  In 
  mosses, 
  the 
  hood 
  that 
  covers 
  the 
  tip 
  of 
  

   the 
  capsule. 
  

  

  Calyx 
  (a 
  cup). 
  All 
  the 
  sepals, 
  which 
  together 
  form 
  the 
  outer 
  enve- 
  

   lope 
  of 
  a 
  flower. 
  

  

  Cambium. 
  The 
  meristem 
  cells 
  of 
  a 
  fibrovascular 
  bundle 
  lying 
  be- 
  

   tween 
  the 
  phloem 
  and 
  xylem, 
  and 
  having 
  the 
  power 
  of 
  division, 
  so 
  as 
  

   to 
  produce 
  new 
  phloem 
  and 
  xylem. 
  

  

  Capitate 
  (relating 
  to 
  head). 
  (1) 
  Rounded, 
  as 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  stigma 
  

   of 
  the 
  primrose 
  ; 
  or 
  (2) 
  growing 
  in 
  heads. 
  

  

  Capsule 
  (a 
  small 
  box). 
  A 
  dry, 
  dehiscent 
  seed 
  vessel 
  (formed 
  of 
  more 
  

   than 
  one 
  carpel). 
  

  

  Carpel 
  (fruit). 
  The 
  megasporophyll 
  ; 
  hence 
  either 
  a 
  simple 
  pistil 
  or 
  

   one 
  of 
  the 
  parts 
  of 
  a 
  compound 
  pistil. 
  

  

  Carpellary. 
  Relating 
  to 
  a 
  carpel. 
  

  

  Catkins. 
  See 
  Ameiit. 
  

  

  Caulicle 
  (a 
  small 
  stem). 
  The 
  initial 
  stem 
  in 
  an 
  embryo. 
  

  

  Cell. 
  The 
  morphological 
  or 
  anatomical 
  unit 
  of 
  plant 
  and 
  animal 
  

   structure. 
  

  

  Cellulose 
  (pertaining 
  to 
  a 
  cell). 
  The 
  primary 
  substance 
  of 
  the 
  cell 
  wall. 
  

  

  Central 
  cylinder. 
  The 
  stele, 
  or 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  root 
  or 
  stem 
  which 
  is 
  

   inclosed 
  by 
  the 
  primary 
  cortex. 
  

  

  Chaff. 
  Small 
  dry 
  scales 
  usually 
  found 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  seeds 
  

   of 
  plants, 
  as 
  in 
  grasses 
  and 
  Comjiositce. 
  

  

  