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  INTRODUCTION 
  TO 
  BOTANY 
  

  

  Monoecious 
  (one 
  household). 
  Applied 
  to 
  those 
  plants 
  upon 
  one 
  of 
  

   which 
  both 
  kinds 
  of 
  gametes 
  are 
  borne. 
  Strictly 
  speaking, 
  the 
  term 
  

   applies 
  only 
  to 
  the 
  gametophyte 
  stage 
  of 
  plants. 
  A 
  mono-clous 
  seed 
  

   plant 
  bears 
  both 
  staminate 
  and 
  pistillate 
  flowers. 
  

  

  Monopodial 
  (having 
  one 
  foot). 
  Said 
  of 
  a 
  stem 
  consisting 
  of 
  a 
  single 
  

   and 
  continuous 
  axis 
  (footstalk). 
  

  

  Mother 
  cell. 
  A 
  cell 
  that 
  produces 
  new 
  cells 
  (usually) 
  by 
  internal 
  

   division. 
  

  

  Mutualism. 
  A 
  symbiotic 
  relationship 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  organisms 
  are 
  

   mutually 
  helpful. 
  

  

  Mycelium 
  (fungous 
  growth). 
  The 
  filamentous 
  vegetative 
  growth 
  of 
  

   fungi, 
  composed 
  of 
  h\ph:e. 
  

  

  Naked. 
  Wanting 
  some 
  usual 
  covering. 
  

  

  Nascent. 
  Developing 
  or 
  gro\\ing. 
  

  

  Nastic 
  movements. 
  Movements 
  produced 
  by 
  all-round 
  stimuli, 
  as 
  

   heat. 
  The 
  opening 
  and 
  closing 
  of 
  the 
  flowers 
  of 
  crocuses 
  and 
  tulips 
  

   are 
  tliennonastie 
  movements. 
  

  

  Nectary. 
  The 
  structure 
  in 
  which 
  nectar 
  is 
  secreted. 
  

  

  Nerve. 
  A 
  simple 
  vein 
  or 
  rib. 
  

  

  Node 
  (a 
  joint). 
  That 
  part 
  of 
  a 
  stem 
  which 
  normally 
  bears 
  leaves. 
  

  

  Nucellus 
  (a 
  little 
  kernel). 
  The 
  mass 
  of 
  the 
  ovule 
  within 
  the 
  in- 
  

   teguments. 
  

  

  Nucleolus 
  (diminutive! 
  of 
  nucleus). 
  The 
  sharply 
  defined 
  rounded 
  part 
  

   often 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  nucleus. 
  

  

  Nucleus 
  (a 
  kernel). 
  The. 
  usually 
  roundish 
  mass 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  proto- 
  

   plasm 
  of 
  most 
  active 
  cells, 
  and 
  differing 
  from 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  protoplasm 
  

   in 
  its 
  greater 
  density. 
  

  

  Oogonium; 
  pi. 
  obgonia. 
  The 
  female 
  reproductive 
  organ 
  of 
  thallophytes. 
  

  

  Oosphere 
  (egg 
  sphere). 
  The 
  egg 
  cell; 
  the 
  mass 
  of 
  protoplasm 
  pre- 
  

   pared 
  for 
  fertilization. 
  

  

  Oospore 
  (egg 
  spore). 
  The 
  egg 
  cell 
  after 
  fertilization. 
  

  

  Open 
  bundle. 
  A 
  tibrovascular 
  bundle 
  which 
  contains 
  cambium. 
  

  

  Operculum 
  (a 
  cover 
  or 
  lid); 
  pi. 
  opercula. 
  In 
  mosses 
  the 
  terminal 
  lid 
  

   of 
  the 
  capsule, 
  just 
  beneath 
  the 
  calyptra. 
  

  

  Osmosis. 
  The 
  interchange 
  of 
  liquids 
  through 
  a 
  membrane. 
  

  

  Ovary 
  (egg-keeper). 
  That 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  carpel 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  ovules 
  

   are 
  formed. 
  

  

  Ovule 
  (an 
  egg). 
  The 
  body 
  which 
  becomes 
  a 
  seed 
  after 
  fertilization 
  

   and 
  maturation; 
  formerly 
  thought 
  to 
  be 
  an 
  egg. 
  

  

  Palet 
  (chaff). 
  In 
  grasses, 
  the 
  inner 
  bract 
  of 
  the 
  flower. 
  

  

  Palisade 
  cells. 
  The 
  elongated 
  parenchyma 
  cells 
  of 
  a 
  leaf, 
  which 
  

   stand 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  its 
  surface 
  and 
  are 
  often 
  confined 
  to 
  the 
  upper 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  leaf. 
  

  

  