﻿GLOSSARY 
  353 
  

  

  Palmate 
  (pertaining 
  to 
  the 
  hand). 
  Radiating 
  like 
  the 
  fingers; 
  said 
  

   of 
  the 
  veins 
  or 
  divisions 
  of 
  some 
  leaves. 
  

  

  Panicle 
  (a 
  tuft). 
  A 
  loose 
  and 
  irregularly 
  branching 
  flower 
  cluster, 
  as 
  

   in 
  many 
  grasses. 
  

  

  Pappus 
  (down). 
  The 
  modified 
  calyx 
  of 
  the 
  composites. 
  

  

  Paraphysis 
  (accompanying 
  organs) 
  ; 
  pi. 
  paraphyses. 
  Sterile 
  bodies, 
  

   usually 
  hairs, 
  which 
  are 
  found 
  mingled 
  with 
  the 
  reproductive 
  organs 
  of 
  

   various 
  lower 
  plants. 
  

  

  Parasite. 
  An 
  organism 
  that 
  obtains 
  its 
  food 
  from 
  the 
  living 
  tissues 
  

   or 
  the 
  secretions 
  of 
  other 
  organisms. 
  

  

  Parenchyma. 
  Ordinary 
  or 
  typical 
  cellular 
  tissue, 
  i.e. 
  of 
  thin-walled 
  

   cells 
  nearly 
  equal 
  in 
  all 
  their 
  dimensions. 
  

  

  Parthenogenesis. 
  The 
  formation, 
  without 
  fertilization, 
  of 
  a 
  spore 
  which 
  

   is 
  functionally 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  a 
  sexual 
  spore. 
  In 
  general 
  it 
  means 
  that 
  the 
  fe- 
  

   male 
  gamete 
  becomes 
  a 
  spore 
  directly, 
  and 
  may 
  grow 
  without 
  fertilization. 
  

  

  Pedicel 
  (a 
  little 
  foot). 
  The 
  stalk 
  upon 
  which 
  a 
  structure 
  is 
  borne. 
  

  

  Peduncle 
  (a 
  little 
  foot). 
  The 
  flower 
  stalk. 
  

  

  Pentacyclic 
  (five 
  cycles). 
  Applied 
  to 
  flowers 
  whose 
  four 
  kinds 
  of 
  

   floral 
  organs 
  are 
  in 
  five 
  cycles. 
  

  

  Perianth 
  (around 
  the 
  flower). 
  The 
  floral 
  envelopes 
  or 
  leaves 
  of 
  a 
  

   flower, 
  taken 
  collectively 
  ; 
  and 
  an 
  analogous 
  envelope 
  of 
  the 
  sporogo- 
  

   nium 
  of 
  certain 
  liverworts. 
  

  

  Periblem 
  (a 
  cloak). 
  A 
  name 
  given 
  to 
  that 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  meristem 
  at 
  

   the 
  growing 
  point 
  of 
  the 
  plant 
  axis, 
  which 
  lies 
  just 
  beneath 
  the 
  epider- 
  

   mis 
  and 
  develops 
  into 
  the 
  cortex. 
  

  

  Pericambium 
  (surrounding 
  growing 
  tissue). 
  In 
  roots, 
  the 
  external 
  

   layer 
  of 
  the 
  fibrovascular 
  cylinder. 
  

  

  Pericarp 
  (around 
  the 
  fruit). 
  The 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  ovary, 
  developed 
  into 
  a 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  fruit. 
  

  

  Perigynous 
  (around 
  the 
  ovary). 
  Applied 
  to 
  those 
  flowers 
  whose 
  sta- 
  

   mens 
  and 
  perianth 
  arise 
  from 
  around 
  the 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  ovary. 
  

  

  Peristome 
  (around 
  the 
  mouth). 
  In 
  mosses, 
  usually 
  bristle-like 
  or 
  

   tooth-like 
  structures 
  surrounding 
  the 
  orifice 
  of 
  the 
  capsule. 
  

  

  Petal 
  (a 
  leaf). 
  A 
  corolla 
  leaf. 
  

  

  Petiole 
  (a 
  little 
  foot). 
  The 
  stalk 
  of 
  a 
  leaf. 
  

  

  Phanerogamia 
  (evident 
  marriage). 
  A 
  primary 
  division 
  (the 
  highest) 
  

   of 
  plants, 
  named, 
  from 
  their 
  mode 
  of 
  reproduction, 
  the 
  seed-producing 
  

   plants. 
  Phanerogam 
  is 
  the 
  English 
  equivalent. 
  

  

  Phloem 
  (the 
  inner 
  bark). 
  The 
  bark 
  or 
  bast 
  portion 
  of 
  a 
  fibrovas- 
  

   cular 
  bundle. 
  

  

  Photosynthesis 
  (light 
  construction). 
  The 
  name 
  applied 
  to 
  the 
  process 
  

   by 
  which 
  chloroplasts 
  under 
  the 
  influence 
  of 
  sunlight 
  manufacture 
  such 
  

   carbohydrates 
  as 
  sugar 
  and 
  starch 
  from 
  water 
  and 
  carbon 
  dioxide. 
  

  

  