﻿58 
  KEY 
  AND 
  FLORA 
  

  

  forks 
  of 
  the 
  veins 
  and 
  numerous 
  black 
  glands, 
  2-3 
  in. 
  long, 
  with 
  

   slender 
  petioles. 
  Staminate 
  catkins 
  3-4 
  in. 
  long; 
  pistillate 
  catkins 
  

   1-1 
  2 
  in. 
  long, 
  peduncles 
  2-bracted. 
  Rich 
  soil 
  on 
  hillsides, 
  along 
  

   streams, 
  and 
  near 
  lakes 
  and 
  swamps, 
  N. 
  and 
  N.E. 
  The 
  beautiful 
  

   bark 
  is 
  much 
  used 
  by 
  the 
  Indians 
  for 
  canoes, 
  for 
  basket 
  making, 
  

   and 
  for 
  other 
  purposes. 
  

  

  V. 
  ALNUS 
  Hill 
  

  

  Shrubs 
  or 
  small 
  trees. 
  Leaves 
  petioled, 
  serrate. 
  Flower 
  

   buds 
  stalked, 
  appearing 
  the 
  previous 
  season 
  ; 
  staminate 
  cat- 
  

   kins 
  racemed, 
  drooping 
  ; 
  flowers 
  3-6 
  in 
  the 
  axil 
  of 
  each 
  bract, 
  

   subtended 
  by 
  1-2 
  bractlets; 
  perianth 
  4-parted; 
  stamens 
  4; 
  fila- 
  

   ments 
  short. 
  Pistillate 
  catkins 
  erect 
  ; 
  flowers 
  2-3 
  in 
  the 
  axil 
  

   of 
  each 
  bract 
  ; 
  perianth 
  replaced 
  by 
  2-4 
  minute 
  bractlets 
  which 
  

   are 
  adherent 
  to 
  the 
  bract. 
  Ovary 
  2-cel 
  led; 
  styles 
  2. 
  Fruit 
  a 
  

   winged 
  or 
  angled 
  nut 
  ; 
  bracts 
  of 
  the 
  pistillate 
  flowers 
  some- 
  

   what 
  fleshy, 
  persistent, 
  becoming 
  woody 
  in 
  fruit.* 
  

  

  1. 
  A. 
  incana 
  Mcench. 
  SPECKLED 
  ALDER. 
  A 
  shrub 
  8-20 
  ft. 
  high. 
  

   Leaves 
  broadly 
  oval 
  or 
  ovate, 
  rounded 
  at 
  the 
  base, 
  sharply 
  (some- 
  

   times 
  doubly) 
  serrate, 
  white 
  and 
  usually 
  downy 
  beneath. 
  Fruit 
  

   round. 
  Forming 
  thickets 
  by 
  streams, 
  very 
  common 
  N. 
  

  

  2. 
  A. 
  rugosa 
  Spreng. 
  SMOOTH 
  ALDER. 
  A 
  shrub 
  or 
  small 
  tree 
  with 
  

   smooth 
  bark. 
  Leaves 
  obovate, 
  rounded 
  or 
  obtuse 
  at 
  the 
  apex, 
  acute 
  

   at 
  the 
  base, 
  sharply 
  and 
  minutely 
  serrate, 
  smooth 
  above, 
  downy 
  be- 
  

   neath, 
  petioled; 
  stipules 
  .oval, 
  deciduous. 
  Staminate 
  catkins 
  2-4 
  in. 
  

   long 
  ; 
  fruiting 
  catkins 
  ovoid, 
  short-peduncled. 
  Fruit 
  ovate, 
  wingless. 
  

   Banks 
  of 
  streams 
  and 
  borders 
  of 
  marshes, 
  ranging 
  far 
  S. 
  Leaves 
  

   often 
  persistent 
  during 
  the 
  winter.* 
  

  

  18. 
  FAGACE^E. 
  BEECH 
  FAMILY 
  

  

  Trees 
  or 
  shrubs. 
  Leaves 
  alternate, 
  simple, 
  pinnately 
  veined 
  ; 
  

   stipules 
  deciduous. 
  Flowers 
  monoecious, 
  the 
  staminate 
  in 
  heads, 
  

   or 
  in 
  drooping, 
  spreading, 
  or 
  erect 
  catkins 
  ; 
  calyx 
  minute 
  ; 
  petals 
  

   none 
  ; 
  stamens 
  4-20. 
  Pistillate 
  flowers 
  solitary 
  or 
  in 
  small 
  

   clusters, 
  each 
  flower 
  subtended 
  by 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  united 
  bracts, 
  

   which 
  at 
  maturity 
  form 
  a 
  cup 
  or 
  bur 
  ; 
  calyx 
  minutely 
  toothed; 
  

   petals 
  none 
  ; 
  ovary 
  2-7-celled, 
  but 
  becoming 
  1 
  -celled 
  Fruit 
  a 
  

   1-seeded 
  nut.* 
  

  

  