﻿BEECH 
  FAMILY 
  61 
  

  

  5. 
  Q. 
  Muhlenbergii 
  Engelm. 
  YELLOW 
  CHESTNUT 
  OAK. 
  A 
  tree 
  of 
  

   medium 
  or 
  large 
  size 
  with 
  gray 
  bark. 
  Leaves 
  oblong 
  or 
  oblanceoiate, 
  

   usually 
  acute 
  at 
  the 
  apex 
  and 
  obtuse 
  or 
  rounded 
  at 
  the 
  base, 
  coarsely 
  

   and 
  evenly 
  toothed; 
  veins 
  straight, 
  impressed 
  above 
  and 
  prominent 
  

   beneath 
  ; 
  petioles 
  slender. 
  Cup 
  hemispherical, 
  sessile 
  or 
  short-pedun- 
  

   cled, 
  with 
  flat 
  scales, 
  \ 
  in. 
  broad, 
  inclosing 
  about 
  half 
  the 
  ovoid 
  

   acorn, 
  which 
  is 
  f-f 
  in. 
  long. 
  Common 
  on 
  dry 
  soil. 
  Wood 
  close-grained, 
  

   durable, 
  and 
  valuable. 
  

  

  6. 
  Q. 
  Prinus 
  L. 
  SWAMP 
  CHESTNUT 
  OAK. 
  A 
  large 
  tree 
  with 
  brown, 
  

   ridged 
  bark. 
  Leaves 
  oblong 
  or 
  oblong-lanceolate, 
  rather 
  obtuse, 
  cre- 
  

   nately 
  toothed, 
  minutely 
  downy 
  beneath; 
  petioles 
  slender, 
  about 
  1 
  in. 
  

   long. 
  Cup 
  hemispherical, 
  peduncles 
  longer 
  than 
  the 
  petioles, 
  scales 
  

   acute, 
  tubercular, 
  appressed 
  ; 
  acorn 
  oblong, 
  acute, 
  1 
  in. 
  or 
  less 
  in 
  

   length, 
  edible. 
  Common 
  on 
  low 
  ground. 
  Wood 
  strong 
  and 
  valuable.* 
  

  

  7. 
  Q. 
  virginiana 
  Mill. 
  LIVE 
  OAK. 
  A 
  large 
  tree 
  with 
  rough 
  gray 
  

   or 
  brown 
  bark 
  and 
  a 
  low, 
  spreading 
  top. 
  Leaves 
  leathery, 
  evergreen, 
  

   oblong 
  or 
  oblanceoiate, 
  often 
  somewhat 
  3-lobed 
  on 
  young 
  trees, 
  

   margin 
  rolled 
  under, 
  dark 
  green 
  and 
  shining 
  above, 
  pale 
  below 
  ; 
  

   petioles 
  short, 
  stout. 
  Fruit 
  often 
  in 
  short 
  racemes, 
  cup 
  top-shaped, 
  

   scales 
  closely 
  appressed, 
  hoary, 
  peduncles 
  \-\ 
  in. 
  long 
  ; 
  acorn 
  from 
  

   subglobose 
  to 
  oblong, 
  the 
  longer 
  form 
  occurring 
  on 
  the 
  younger 
  

   trees. 
  On 
  low 
  ground 
  near 
  the 
  coast. 
  Wood 
  very 
  hard 
  and 
  durable 
  ; 
  

   valued 
  for 
  shipbuilding.* 
  

  

  B. 
  Fruit 
  biennial; 
  leaves 
  entire 
  or 
  with 
  bristle-pointed 
  

   lobes. 
  

  

  8. 
  Q. 
  rubra 
  L. 
  RED 
  OAK. 
  A 
  large 
  tree. 
  Leaves 
  oval 
  or 
  obovate, 
  

   green 
  above, 
  pale 
  and 
  slightly 
  downy 
  beneath; 
  sinuses 
  shallow 
  and 
  

   rounded, 
  lobes 
  8-12, 
  taper-pointed; 
  petioles 
  Jong. 
  Cups 
  saucer-shaped, 
  

   with 
  fine 
  scales; 
  acorn 
  ovate 
  or 
  oblong, 
  about 
  1 
  in. 
  long. 
  Common 
  ; 
  

   wood 
  not 
  valuable 
  ; 
  leaves 
  turning 
  red 
  after 
  frost 
  and 
  often 
  remain- 
  

   ing 
  on 
  the 
  tree 
  through 
  the 
  winter. 
  

  

  9. 
  Q. 
  velutina 
  Lam. 
  BLACK 
  OAK. 
  A 
  large 
  tree 
  with 
  rough, 
  dark 
  

   brown 
  outer 
  bark 
  and 
  thick, 
  bright 
  yellow 
  inner 
  bark. 
  Leaves 
  broadly 
  

   oval, 
  usually 
  cut 
  more 
  than 
  halfway 
  to 
  the 
  midrib, 
  sinuses 
  rounded 
  ; 
  

   lobes 
  about 
  7, 
  sharply 
  toothed 
  at 
  the 
  apex, 
  smooth 
  above, 
  usually 
  

   downy 
  on 
  the 
  veins 
  beneath 
  ; 
  cup 
  hemispherical 
  or 
  top-shaped, 
  with 
  

   coarse 
  scales, 
  short-peduncled, 
  inclosing 
  about 
  half 
  the 
  roundish 
  

   acorn. 
  Common 
  ; 
  wood 
  not 
  valuable, 
  but 
  the 
  inner 
  bark 
  used 
  for 
  

   tanning 
  and 
  dyeing.* 
  

  

  10. 
  Q. 
  falcata 
  Michx. 
  SPANISH 
  OAK. 
  A 
  small 
  or 
  medium-sized 
  

   tree 
  with 
  leaves 
  3-5-lobed 
  at 
  the 
  apex, 
  obtuse 
  or 
  rounded 
  at 
  the 
  base, 
  

   grayish-downy 
  beneath, 
  lobes 
  lanceolate 
  and 
  often 
  scythe-shaped, 
  

  

  